Influence of crop geometry on yield, yield attributes and glycoside yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Field experiments were conducted in a loamy sand soil during 2006 and 2007 at Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana to evaluate the performance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni under varying planting geometry. The studies revealed that in case of row to row spacing, highest number of leaves per plant (533.0, 447.6), leaf area (8113.1, 6322.6 cm2/plant), leaf area index (5.1, 8.7) and dry matter accumulation per plant (86.0, 76.9 g/plant) during 2006 and 2007, respectively were found under wider row spacing of 75 cm. Which was significantly higher than narrower row spacing of 60 cm and 45 cm. Whereas, the fresh biomass yield (9861 and 11801 kg/ha), dry biomass (2080 and 2550 kg/ha), leaf yield (6129 and 4414 kg/ha) and stem yields (7611 and 5447 kg/ha) during 2006 and 2007, respectively and glycoside yield were registered higher under closer row spacing of 45 cm than the wider row spacing of 60 cm and 75 cm. In plant to plant spacings, the maximum number of leaves (5681.3 cm2/plant) was recorded under plant spacing of 45 cm which was statistically at par with plants spaced at 37.5 cm and 30.0 cm but significantly higher than 22.5 cm and 15.0 cm plant spacing, leaf area and dry matter accumulation per plant were highest with than other closer plant spacings.Whereas, the fresh and dry biomass, leaf and stem yields and glycoside yield were recorded highest under closer plant spacing of 15 cm which was statistically at par with 22.5 cm plant spacing

Management of closed shaft of humerus fractures in non admitted adult patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Fracture shaft humerus is among the most common of fractures. Proximal fractures are more common in elderly and are commonly attributed to low-energy falls, they make up to 5% of all fractures and 25% of humerus fractures, middle fractures about 60% and distal fractures contribute to the remaining fractures. Fractures shaft of humerus account for approximately 3% of all fractures encountered by the orthopedic surgeons.Methods: From November 2017 to October 2018 sixty-two fractures of humeral shaft presented at Emergency Orthopedic Department in Government Medical College Jammu, 30 fractures considered suitable for the study. All these patients were treated conservatively by using the Coaptation ‘U’ shaped slab discharged the next day and evaluation done both clinically and radiologically every two weeks.Results: This study showed that the angulation deformities were considerably reduced by the use of U slab and the POP cast. Smoking appeared to have negative effect on the rate of union.Conclusions: Conservative treatment is one of the most effective methods of treatment. Operative treatment should be limited as much as possible to specific indications given below

Short term outcome of radial head arthroplasty in Mason type 3 and 4 fractures

Background: Radial head arthroplasty provides a suitable treatment in Mason type 3 and 4 3 fractures. Arthroplasty produces consistent results with a shorter learning curve than ORIF and prevents the late complications associated with radial head excision.Methods: After seeking approval from local institutional ethical committee 30 patients with Mason type 3 and 4 radial head fractures were admitted from outpatient department (OPD) of SKIMS MC and Hospital Bemina, Srinagar. The study was conducted from February 2019 to June 2020 in department of Orthopaedics SKIMS MC and Hospital Bemina, Srinagar. 30 patients with mean age of 25 years comprising of 9 females and 21 males underwent radial head arthroplasty and were followed up to a minimum of 1 year post-operatively.Results: Outcome was evaluated by assessing elbow functional performance using Mayo elbow performance (MEPI). No revisions were performed during the study. Two patients had implant backout and 6 patients had elbow stiffness.Conclusions: Radial head arthroplasty can be used successfully with most of excellent results for treatment of comminuted radial head fracture (Mason type III and IV radial head fractures). Over all radial head arthroplasty is a demanding option in type 3 and type 4 fractures which are not amenable to reconstruction

Implementation of ANN Controller Based UPQC Integrated with Microgrid

This study discusses how to increase power quality by integrating a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with a grid-connected microgrid for clean and efficient power generation. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller for a voltage source converter-based UPQC is proposed to minimize the system’s cost and complexity by eliminating mathematical operations such as a-b-c to d-q-0 translation and the need for costly controllers such as DSPs and FPGAs. In this study, nonlinear unbalanced loads and harmonic supply voltage are used to assess the performance of PV-battery-UPQC using an ANN-based controller. Problems with voltage, such as sag and swell, are also considered. This work uses an ANN control system trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation technique to provide effective reference signals and maintain the required dc-link capacitor voltage. In MATLAB/Simulink software, simulations of PV-battery-UPQC employing SRF-based control and ANN-control approaches are performed. The findings revealed that the proposed approach performed better, as presented in this paper. Furthermore, the influence of synchronous reference frame (SRF) and ANN controller-based UPQC on supply currents and the dc-link capacitor voltage response is studied. To demonstrate the superiority of the suggested controller, a comparison of percent THD in load voltage and supply current utilizing SRF-based control and ANN control methods is shown

Comparative evaluation of procoagulant and proinflammatory markers in drug naive versus oral contraceptive pill’s (OCP’s) treated Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of young women. There is a spectacular increase in the prevalence of PCOS all over world especially in Asia. The condition seems to be on rise in Kashmir valley although systemic studies on the subject are underway. First line of treatment is often the oral contraceptive pills (OCP’s) as most of these women attend to various gynaecologists and they desire menstrual regulation. Since there is plethora of data that PCOS women have evidence of enhanced markers of inflammation and indicators of coagulation. Therefore treatment with OCP’s may worsen the metabolic, inflammatory and coagulation parameters in this population. We undertook this study to investigate the effect of OCP treatment procoagulant and proinflammatory markers in women with PCOS. The results may therefore translate in to the clinical practice

Causes and Reasons of Insect Decline and the Way Forward

There are lot of reasons and causes of insect decline. The main causes of insect decline is attributed to habitat destruction, land use changes, deforestation, intensive agriculture, urbanization, pollution, climate change, introduction of invasive insect species, application of pesticides, mass trapping of insects using pheromones and light traps, pathological problems on various insects, and introduction of exotic honey bees in new areas that compete with the native bees for resource portioning and other management techniques for pest management, and even not leaving any pest residue for predators and parasitoids for their survival. The use of chemical insecticides against target or non-target organisms is major cause for insect decline. The diseases and decline of the important pollinators is still a mistry for colony collapse disorder. To overcome the cause of insect decline, various conservation techniques to be adopted and augmentation of artificial nesting and feeding structures, use of green pesticides, maintaining the proper pest defender ratio (P:D), policies and reaching to political audience at global level and other factors already discussed in the chapter may be helpful for mitigating the insect decline and especially for the pollinators, a key insect for life

Substituted 1,2,4-triazoles and thiazolidinones from fatty acids: Spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity

97-102The compounds (Z)-5-(alk-9/8-en-1-yl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, (Z)-5-(8/11-hydroxyalk-11/8-en-1-yl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, (Z)-N-[2-(phenylimino)-3-yl]-alk-9-enamide-4-thiazolidinone and (Z)-9/12-hydroxy-N-[2-(phenylimino)-3-yl]alk-12/9-enamide-4-thiazolidinone have been synthesized from different fatty acid hydrazides. The structural elucidation of these compounds is based on IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. These compounds have been tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherchia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi by cup-plate method

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Assessing changes in the above ground biomass and carbon stocks of Lidder valley, Kashmir Himalaya, India

The changes in the land use and land cover (LULC), above ground biomass (AGB) and the associated above ground carbon (AGC) stocks were assessed in Lidder Valley, Kashmir Himalaya using satellite data (1980–2013), allometric equations and phytosociological data. Change detection analysis of LULC, comprising of eight vegetation and five non-vegetation types, indicated that 6% (74.5 km2) of the dense evergreen forest has degraded. Degraded forest and settlement increased by 20 and 52.8 km2, respectively. Normalized difference vegetation index was assessed and correlated with the field-based biomass estimates to arrive at best-fit models for remotely sensed AGB estimates for 2005 and 2013. Total loss of 1.018 Megatons of AGB and 0.5 Megatons of AGC was estimated from the area during 33-year period which would have an adverse effect on the carbon sequestration potential of the area which is already facing the brunt of climate change

Investigation of reinforcing steel rebar manufactured from local scrap at various finishing rolling temperature

The mechanical properties of structural steel rebar are a very important factor for durable, sustainable, and resilient design of reinforced concrete structures. In developing countries, steel rebars are often manufactured from unsegregated steel scrap using manual rolling mill, which affects the quality of the final manufactured product and raises several concerns. Various earlier studies have been conducted on controlling the quality of steel rebar in various countries, yet quality issues of steel rebar are still pending in local industry. Therefore, this study aims to explore the mechanical properties of steel rebar manufactured with steel scrap having various chemical composition at different finishing rolling temperatures (FRT). Steel rebars were manufactured at an industrial kiln using various carbon contents (0.25%, 0.27% and 0.30%), replicating full-scale scenarios. Specimens for each type of steel were manufactured at FRT of 640⁰C, 680⁰C, 720⁰C, 760⁰C and 800⁰C. Various tests including tension, bending, hardness and microstructural examination were performed on the manufactured steel rebars. It was observed that by increasing the FRT, the average grain size in the steel rebar increased, leading to a decrease of the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness. Conversely, the elongation and modulus of toughness increased with the increase in the average grain size due to a decrease in total grain boundary area owing to lower resistance to dislocation motion. By increasing the carbon content, inter-lamellar spacing between cementite strips in pearlite decreased, which increased the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength, whereas the elongation and modulus of toughness decreased. The weight per unit length, yield, and ultimate strengths of the tested rebars satisfied the ASTM A615 limits. This study educates the local rolling mills stakeholders about possible causes of variations in mechanical properties of locally manufactured steel rebar and suggests solutions towards proper monitoring and mitigating harmful effects. The main findings of this study highlight that the manufacturing of rebars from scrap at various FRT affects the stress-strain behavior of steel rebar and its overall structural stability. Moreover, microstructural analysis assists in understanding the role of FRT on yield and ultimate strengths of rebars due to changes in the average grain size