Effect of Feed Additives and Toxic Elements on Swine Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Immune Function and Reproductive Performance

To evaluate the effects of peptide in combination of zinc oxide (Zno) or acidifiers (Exp 1), and gossypol (G) from cottonseed meal (CSM) ( Exp 2&3) on growth performance, complete blood cell counts (Exp 1, 2&3), nutrient digestibility (Exp 1), plasma gossypol (Exp 2&3) and semen quality (Exp 3), weaned pigs (Exp 1), growing gilts (Exp 2) and growing boars (Exp 3) were randomly allotted to dietary treatments. Treatments for Exp 1 during phase 1&2 were: (1) Positive Control (PC), formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient requirements; (2) Negative control (NC), fish meal was reduced to achieve -0.13% SID lysine; (3) NC + 0.25% peptide plus high level of zinc (0.25PZ); (4) NC + 0.50% peptide plus high level of zinc (0.5PZ); (5) 0.25% peptide (0.25P); (6) 0.50% peptide (0.5P); (7) 0.25% peptide + 0.1% sodium butyrate and 0.5% benzoic acid (PSB). In phase 3, all pigs were fed a common diet. Treatments in Exp 2 during phase 1 to 3 consisted of: (1) control diet, formulated to meet NRC, (2012) nutrient requirements without CSM (0% G); (2) inclusion of 1.21% CSM (0.01% G); (3) 2.42 % CSM (0.02% G); and (4) 4.84 % CSM (0.04% G). In Exp 3, dietary treatments were the same as those in Exp 2, except the 1.21% CSM (0.01% G) was removed. During phase 4, pigs were fed a common diet devoid of CSM (Exp 2&3). Each phase consisted of 14 days. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedures of SAS as a RCBD with treatment as fixed effect, and BW block as random effect. In overall phase 1&2 of Exp 1, PSB pigs had similar ADG and BW when compared to those fed 0.25PZ and both were greater than NC pigs (P \u3c 0.05). In Exp 2&3, gilts had a linear reduction (P \u3c 0.05) and boars a quadratic ADG response (P \u3c 0.05) as level of CSM increased in the diet during phase 3. These studies demonstrate that feeding nursery pigs with peptide in combination with acidifiers improved growth performance similar to that observed in pigs fed high levels of zinc oxide, indicating that acidifiers may be an alternative to high levels of ZnO in weaned pigs diets without affecting their growth performance. Feeding gossypol from CSM up to 0.02% impaired growth performance in gilts and boars but not affected semen quality

Dielectric study of the glass transition: correlation with calorimetric data

The glass transition in amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) is studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The ability of TSDC to decompose a distributed relaxation, as the glass transition, into its elementary components is demonstrated. Two polarization techniques, windows polarization (WP) and non-isothermal windows polarization (NIW), are employed to assess the influence of thermal history in the results. The Tool-Narayanaswami-Moynihan (TNM) model has been used to fit the TSDC spectra. The most important contributions to the relaxation comes from modes with non-linearity (x) around 0.7. Activation energies yield by this model are located around 1eV for polarization temperature (Tp) below 50C and they raise up to values higher than 8eV as Tp increases (up to 80C). There are few differences between results obtained with WP and NIW but, nonetheless, these are discussed. The obtained kinetic parameters are tested against DSC results in several conditions. Calculated DSC curves at several cooling and heating rates can reproduce qualitatively experimental DSC results. These results also demonstrate that modelization of the non-equilibrium kinetics involved in TSDC spectroscopy is a useful experimental tool for glass transition studies in polar polymers.Comment: 13 pages, 2 tables, 10 figures; minor change

Natural banks of commercial marine invertebrates, La Libertad Region, Peru (December 2018)

En la Región La Libertad la pesca artesanal es muy importante como medio de vida de diversas comunidades costeras. Los principales recursos bentónicos son cangrejo violáceo, caracol negro y pulpo, los que, luego de muchos años de extracción intensiva, además de los efectos por el cambio climático, eventos como el Niño y La Niña, presentan diversos grados de alteración, limitando su sostenibilidad. La información que se obtiene de los monitoreos y seguimientos ayudan a proponer alternativas para manejar de manera efectiva la pesquería de esos recursos. El área de estudio estuvo comprendida desde La Granja (Puémape) (7°9’35,4”S – 79°41’8,2”W) hasta islas Guañape (8°56’25,8”S - 78°41’49,4”W). Las especies monitoreadas Platyxanthus orbignyi cangrejo violáceo, Thaisella chocolata caracol negro y Octopus mimus pulpo, presentaron biomasas y densidades reducidas, además de la presencia de elevado porcentaje de ejemplares menores a la TME o PME. El comportamiento térmico indicó condiciones oceanográficas cálidas asociadas a concentraciones de oxígeno superiores en un rango de 2 a 7 mL/L, que sugiere presencia de aguas de mezcla entre aguas costeras frías (acf) y aguas cálidas.ABSTRACT: In the La Libertad Region (Peru) artisanal fishing serves as a crucial livelihood for various coastal communities. The primary benthic resources include purple crabs, black snails, and octopuses. Following extensive years of extraction and the impact of climate change, including occurrences such as El Niño and La Niña, these resources exhibit various levels of alteration, hindering their sustainability. Data from monitoring and surveillance activities aid in proposing effective management strategies for these resources. The study area spanned from La Granja (Puémape) (7°9’35.4”S – 79°41’8.2”W) to the Guañape islands (8°56'25.8"S - 78°41'49.4"W). Monitored species, including Platyxanthus orbignyi, Thaisella chocolata, and Octopus mimus, demonstrated reduced biomasses and densities, accompanied by a high proportion of individuals below the Minimum Legal Size (MLS) or Precautionary Minimum Exploitable (PME). Thermal behavior indicated warm oceanographic conditions with elevated oxygen concentrations ranging between 2 and 7 mL/L, suggesting the presence of mixing waters (ccw + warmer waters)

ZnO:Co Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor or Hybrid Nanostructure for Spintronics?

We have studied the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic defects in the magnetic and electrical transport properties of Co-doped ZnO thin films. X ray absorption measurements show that Co substitute Zn in the ZnO structure and it is in the 2+ oxidation state. Magnetization (M) measurements show that doped samples are mainly paramagnetic. From M vs. H loops measured at 5 K we found that the values of the orbital L and spin S numbers are between 1 and 1.3 for L and S = 3/2, in agreement with the representative values for isolated Co 2+. The obtained negative values of the Curie-Weiss temperatures indicate the existence of antiferromagnetic interactions between transition metal atoms.Comment: To be published in Journal of Materials Scienc

Double glass transition in polyethylene naphthalate structural relaxation by MDSC, BDS and TSDC

We present the experimental study of the primary, $\alpha$, and secondary, $\beta^*$, relaxations of the glassy polymer polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), by Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC), Thermally Stimulated Discharge Currents (TSDC) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Results show how the $\alpha$ and $\beta^*$ relaxations can be considered part of a very broad and distributed relaxation. The $\beta^*$ relaxation is composed of a main contribution ($\beta_3^*$) and two additional ones ($\beta_1^*$ and $\beta_2^*$) and each elementary mode of the relaxation has its own glass transition temperature. This scenario gives rise to an extended glass transition mainly centered in $T_{g\beta^*} \sim 305$ K and $T_{g\alpha} \sim 387$ K

Caracterización y evaluaciçón de la capacidad de uso de los suelos de la comarca de "El Aljarafe" (Sevilla)

8 páginas, 5 tablas y 7 referencias. Comunicación presentada en las Actas del VII Congreso Nacional de Química (Química Agrícola y Alimentaria/2). Sevilla (España). 12 al 17 de Octubre de 1987. Vol. 1: "El suelo: fertilidad y fertilizantes". "La planta: aspectos bioquímicos y fisiológicos". "Protección vegetal"The soils of "El Aljarafe" region (Seville) are studied. As a result, different soils are found and classified into 19 taxonomic units of "Soil Taxonomy" (1975) System. Also. their land capability to relative, use, their erosion hazard and their ability for irrigation purposes, are evaluted. A soil map finally, to scale 1/50.000, with the results of the evaluation, is added.Peer reviewe