Prevalência de tumores orais diagnosticados no Setor de Patologia Veterinária da FAVET-UFRGS de jan/98 a set/02

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Avaliação hemodinâmica e homogasomêtrica de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia videolaparoscópica, sob anestesia geral intravenosa contínua com propofol e fentanil, com ou sem o uso de infusão contínua de atracúrio, mediante ventilação controlada com pressão expiratória final positiva ou não.

A cirurgia laparoscópica requer a criação de um espaço de trabalho intraabdominal, através do pneumoperitônio, e para isto utiliza-se o dióxido de carbono (CO2). As alterações sistêmicas relacionadas ao sistema respiratório ocorrem pelo aumento da pressão intra-abdominal, resultando em diminuição da complacência pulmonar, atelectasia, hipercarbia e hipóxia. A insuflação de CO2 com pressões intraabdominais acima de 8 mmHg produz alterações hemodinâmicas significantes, caracterizadas por decréscimo do débito cardíaco, elevação da pressão arterial. Para que a homeostase hemodinâmica e respiratória seja mantida são necessários protocolos anestésicos adequados e métodos de ventilação mecânica como, por exemplo, a pressão expiratória final positiva final (PEEP). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar e comparar quatro protocolos anestésicos e ventilatórios distintos em cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia videolaparoscópica eletiva, com uso de pneumoperitônio com CO2 e 12 mmHg de pressão intra-abdominal, sob anestesia geral total intravenosa. Para isso, 16 caninos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: no grupo 1 (Zeepbloq) os animais receberam atracúrio (0,5 mg.kg-1), propofol (5 mg.kg-1) e fentanil (2 mcg.kg-1), todos em bolus, por via intravenosa, e seguiu-se com infusão contínua de atracúrio (0,5 mg.kg-1/hora), propofol (0,4 mg.kg-1/minuto) e fentanil (2 mcg.kg-1/hora) por bomba de infusão, e não foi realizada PEEP; no grupo 2 (Peepbloq) administrou-se o mesmo protocolo anestésico, porém realizou-se a PEEP de 10 cm de água; no grupo 3 (Zeep) os animais receberam o mesmo protocolo anestésico, com exceção bloqueador neuromuscular, e não foi realizada PEEP; no grupo 4 (PEEP) os indivíduos receberam o mesmo protocolo do grupo 3, porém realizou-se PEEP. Para o procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado pneumoperitônio de 12 mmHg com CO2 com duração variável. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: pressão arterial média, freqüência respiratória, saturação de oxigênio na hemoglobina, pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono expirado, freqüência cardíaca, eletrocardiografia e tempo do procedimento anestésico, do pneumoperitônio. Para hemogasometria foi realizada a coleta de sangue arterial, sendo obtidas variáveis de pH, pressão parcial de O2 e CO2, bicarbonato, CO2 total, excesso/déficit de bases e saturação arterial de oxigênio na hemoglobina. Não foram observados valores que representassem diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). No entanto, houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre momentos avaliados a para pressão arterial de oxigênio, a pressão arterial média e a temperatura, independente do protocolo empregado. Ambos os protocolos empregados, anestésico e de ventilação, foram satisfatórios e, de acordo com a metodologia empregada, pode-se concluir que animais submetidos à ventilação com PEEP não apresentaram benefícios significativos quando comparados com animais ventilados com ZEEP, independente do uso ou não de bloqueador neuromuscular.The laparoscopic surgery requires the creation of a space in the abdominal cavity through pneumoperitoneum and that using the carbon dioxide (CO2). The systemic changes related to the respiratory system occur by increased intra-abdominal pressure, resulting in decreased lung compliance, atelectasis, hypercarbia and hypoxia. The CO2 insufflation with intra-abdominal pressure over 8 mmHg produces significant hemodynamic changes, characterized by decreased cardiac output, blood pressure elevation. For the hemodynamic and respiratory homeostasis is maintained anesthetic protocols are necessary and appropriate methods of mechanical ventilation, such as the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). This study aimed to evaluate and compare four different protocols anesthetics and ventilatory in female dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy videolaparoscopic elective, with the use of pneumoperitoneum with CO2 and 12 mmHg of intra-abdominal pressure, under general anesthesia total intravenous. A total of 16 dogs were distributed into four groups: in group 1 (Zeepbloq) the animals received atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1), propofol (5 mg.kg-1) and fentanyl (2 mcg . kg-1), all bolus, intravenously, and followed up with continuous infusion of atracurium (0.5 mg.kg-1/hour), propofol (0.4 mg.kg-1/minute) and fentanyl (2 mcg.kg-1/hour) by infusion pump, and was not held PEEP, in group 2 (Peepbloq) administered to the same protocol anesthetic, but was held on PEEP of 10 cm of water, in group 3 (Zeep) the animals received the same protocol anesthetic, except neuromuscular blocker, and was not held PEEP, and in group 4 (PEEP) individuals received the same protocol as the group 3, but was held PEEP. For the surgical procedure was performed abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg with CO2. We evaluated the following variables: mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation in hemoglobin, end tidal of carbon dioxide expired, heart rate, electrocardiography and time of the anesthetic procedure and of the pneumoperitoneum. Arterial blood was sampled for arterial blood gas analyses, and variables obtained from pH, arterial pressure of CO2 and O2, bicarbonate, CO2 total, balance of bases and arterial oxygen saturation in hemoglobin. There were no evaluate parameters that represented statistically significant difference between groups (p <0.05). However, there was a significant difference (p <0.05) between moments evaluated for the blood pressure of oxygen, the mean blood pressure and temperature, independent of protocol employee. Both protocols employees, anaesthetic and ventilation, were satisfactory and in accordance with the methodology employed, we can conclude that animals treated with ventilation PEEP did not show significant benefits when compared with animals ventilated with ZEEP, regardless of whether or not to use atracurium

Effect of the presence of a conspecific in the housing of sheep in the new environment, following acute stress caused by transportation

Background: Sheep are social and gregarious animals. They feel at ease when free and clustered rather than isolated. In some situations, as in experimental procedures, they need to be separated from the flock and kept without social company. Both instances, separation from the flock and isolation are considered stressful and may impact their well being. As stress can affect the results of the study, special care should be taken when conducting biomedical or veterinary research. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of cortisol and behavior of ewes housed at a research institution in the presence of a familiar conspecific, an unfamiliar conspecific or in the absence of conspecifics. Materials, Methods & Results: Experimental procedures were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Eighteen Corriedale ewes were divided into three groups. Group I (n = 6): the experimental sheep was housed with a familiar conspecific, an adult Texel sheep, kept in the same experimental flock of sheep throughout the study. Group II (n = 6): the experimental sheep was housed with a conspecific stranger, also an adult Texel sheep, but from a different flock. Group III (n = 6): the experimental ewe was kept in social isolation, without contact with conspecifics. Each ewe was transported from the source property to the location of the experiment, always at the same time, where remained under observation for six hours. A total of five blood samples for cortisol was collected: a baseline (before transportation), upon arrival at the experiment site and two, four and six hours after arrival. Animal behavior was recorded during the six-hour stay at the experimental site with a miniature camera. We assessed time of interaction with conspecifics, time spent on having food and water, rest, the number of bleating and number of steps. There were not statistically significant differences in measurements of cortisol between groups using repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical difference (P <0.05) was observed on arrival (time 0 h), after transport in all groups, with a mean increase in plasma cortisol concentration of 259% (minimum=26% and maximum=1032%, standard deviation=261%). This study assessed the time two hours from the peak concentration of cortisol (time 0 h), by percentage, to minimize the differences among animals. Group I showed a decline of 54.08% (standard deviation 18.53); Group II, 43.52% (standard deviation 8.81); and Group III, 30.19% (standard deviation 14.30). Group I was statistically different from Group III (P <0.05). Behavioral analysis showed no statistical difference in the parameters. Discussion: The presence of a conspecific was found to be important in reducing the stress in the early hours in the new environment, observed by a decline in cortisol concentration. The decline was greater when the conspecific was known. Due to variability between animals, behavioral differences between groups were not shown. The separation of sheep and transport caused a significant increase in levels of cortisol, which corroborates literature describing these two procedures as stressors. Thus, we highlight the importance of achieving acclimatization for animals undergoing transport and accommodation in a new environment

Effect of the presence of a conspecific in the housing of sheep in the new environment, following acute stress caused by transportation

Background: Sheep are social and gregarious animals. They feel at ease when free and clustered rather than isolated. In some situations, as in experimental procedures, they need to be separated from the flock and kept without social company. Both instances, separation from the flock and isolation are considered stressful and may impact their well being. As stress can affect the results of the study, special care should be taken when conducting biomedical or veterinary research. The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of cortisol and behavior of ewes housed at a research institution in the presence of a familiar conspecific, an unfamiliar conspecific or in the absence of conspecifics. Materials, Methods & Results: Experimental procedures were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Eighteen Corriedale ewes were divided into three groups. Group I (n = 6): the experimental sheep was housed with a familiar conspecific, an adult Texel sheep, kept in the same experimental flock of sheep throughout the study. Group II (n = 6): the experimental sheep was housed with a conspecific stranger, also an adult Texel sheep, but from a different flock. Group III (n = 6): the experimental ewe was kept in social isolation, without contact with conspecifics. Each ewe was transported from the source property to the location of the experiment, always at the same time, where remained under observation for six hours. A total of five blood samples for cortisol was collected: a baseline (before transportation), upon arrival at the experiment site and two, four and six hours after arrival. Animal behavior was recorded during the six-hour stay at the experimental site with a miniature camera. We assessed time of interaction with conspecifics, time spent on having food and water, rest, the number of bleating and number of steps. There were not statistically significant differences in measurements of cortisol between groups using repeated measures ANOVA. Statistical difference (P <0.05) was observed on arrival (time 0 h), after transport in all groups, with a mean increase in plasma cortisol concentration of 259% (minimum=26% and maximum=1032%, standard deviation=261%). This study assessed the time two hours from the peak concentration of cortisol (time 0 h), by percentage, to minimize the differences among animals. Group I showed a decline of 54.08% (standard deviation 18.53); Group II, 43.52% (standard deviation 8.81); and Group III, 30.19% (standard deviation 14.30). Group I was statistically different from Group III (P <0.05). Behavioral analysis showed no statistical difference in the parameters. Discussion: The presence of a conspecific was found to be important in reducing the stress in the early hours in the new environment, observed by a decline in cortisol concentration. The decline was greater when the conspecific was known. Due to variability between animals, behavioral differences between groups were not shown. The separation of sheep and transport caused a significant increase in levels of cortisol, which corroborates literature describing these two procedures as stressors. Thus, we highlight the importance of achieving acclimatization for animals undergoing transport and accommodation in a new environment

Ectrodactyly in dog : case report

Descreve-se um caso de ectrodactilia em um cão, sem raça definida e dois meses de idade. No exame clínico e radiográfico, foi verificada a separação óssea e de tecidos moles entre o segundo e o terceiro dígitos, estendendo-se proximalmente até a região distal do rádio e da ulna, e luxação do cotovelo ipsilateral. O animal foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico para redução da luxação do cotovelo e reaproximação óssea e dos tecidos moles. Após 16 meses da cirurgia, o animal apresentava uso parcial do membro.A case of ectrodactyly is described in a 2-month-old male mixed Terrier dog. The defect was a complete osseous and soft tissue separation extending from between digits 2 and 3 proximally to the level of the radius and ulna. Radiography revealed elbow luxation. Treatment consisted of surgical reduction of elbow luxation and soft tissue reconstruction. Sixteen months after surgery, the dog was intermittent nonweight-bearing lameness

Ectrodactyly in dog : case report

Descreve-se um caso de ectrodactilia em um cão, sem raça definida e dois meses de idade. No exame clínico e radiográfico, foi verificada a separação óssea e de tecidos moles entre o segundo e o terceiro dígitos, estendendo-se proximalmente até a região distal do rádio e da ulna, e luxação do cotovelo ipsilateral. O animal foi submetido a procedimento cirúrgico para redução da luxação do cotovelo e reaproximação óssea e dos tecidos moles. Após 16 meses da cirurgia, o animal apresentava uso parcial do membro.A case of ectrodactyly is described in a 2-month-old male mixed Terrier dog. The defect was a complete osseous and soft tissue separation extending from between digits 2 and 3 proximally to the level of the radius and ulna. Radiography revealed elbow luxation. Treatment consisted of surgical reduction of elbow luxation and soft tissue reconstruction. Sixteen months after surgery, the dog was intermittent nonweight-bearing lameness

Associations between endothelial progenitor cells, clinical characteristics and coronary restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary artery intervention

Abstract Objective Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are produced in the bone marrow and mobilized to the peripheral blood playing a key role in endothelial repair. The objective of this study was to evaluate circulating EPC before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation and their associations with coronary restenosis and adverse cardiovascular events. Venous blood was obtained before and the day after PCI. Quantification of total white blood count and identification of EPCs (CD45−CD34+CD31+CD133/2+CD309+) through immunophenotyping by flow cytometry was performed. The primary outcome was either restenosis detected by new coronary angiography or angina with myocardial ischemia at the territory of the stented coronary artery. Secondary outcomes were angina without demonstrable myocardial ischemia, acute coronary syndrome or all-cause death. Results 37 patients were followed for 1 year. The median EPC count before PCI was 320 cells/mcl and after PCI 286 cells/mcl. A decrease of EPC count was found in 65% of the patients, while 35% displayed an increase. Primary outcomes occurred in 10.8% and the secondary in 37.8% of the patients. Despite a higher level of EPC before (402 cell/mcl) and after PCI (383 cell/mcl) in patients with the secondary outcomes, there was no significant association between EPC and cardiovascular events