TRANSPORTATION NETWORK COMPANIES: INFLUENCERS OF TRANSIT RIDERSHIP TRENDS

The major transit systems operating in San Francisco are San Francisco Municipal (MUNI), Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART), and Caltrain. The system of interest for this paper is MUNI, in particular the bus and light rail systems. During the past decade transit ridership in the area has experienced diverging growth, with bus ridership declining while rail ridership is growing significantly (Erhardt et al. 2017). Our data show that between 2009 and 2016, MUNI rail ridership increases from 146,000 to 171,400, while MUNI bus ridership decreases from 520,000 to 450,000. Direct ridership models (DRMs) are used to determine what factors are influencing MUNI light rail and bus ridership. The DRMs predict ridership fairly well, within 10% of the observed change. However, the assumption of no multi-collinearity is voided. Variables, such as employment and housing density, are found to be collinear. Fixed-effects panel models are used to combat the multi-collinearity issue. Fixed-effects panel models assign an intercept to every stop, so that any spatial correlation is removed. A transportation network company, Uber and Lyft, variable is introduced (TNC) to the panel models, to quantify the effect they have on MUNI bus and light rail ridership. The addition of a TNC variable and elimination of multi-collinearity helps the panel models predict ridership better than the daily and time-of-day DRMs, both within 5% of the observed change. TNCs are found to complement MUNI light rail and compete with MUNI buses. TNCs contributed to a 7% growth in light rail ridership and a 10% decline in bus ridership. These findings suggest that the relationship TNCs have with transit is complex and that the modes cannot be lumped together

Compulsive Hoarding Symptoms and the Role of Mindfulness Skills During Social Distancing for the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Survey

People reporting compulsive hoarding symptoms (CHS) have lower mindfulness skills than those without such symptoms. Mindfulness skills can have the role of a protective buffer against stressful periods. The quarantine imposed to contain the COVID-19 spread had a negative impact on daily habits and healthy behaviors (including social interactions). An increased attachment to objects might be one of the under-recognized psychological consequences of these difficult times, yet no study focused on CHS. Through an online survey in men who were on quarantine during the pandemic, this exploratory survey examined the prevalence of men reporting CHS during this period and explored the role of mindfulness skills on CHS controlling for anxious-depressive/stress symptoms. Forty-three men from the general population completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Twenty-eight percent reported CHS. No differences on the scores of the questionnaires emerged between men with and without CHS, except on CAMS-R Attention scores. In a logistic regression analysis lower CAMS-R Attention scores predicted CHS (β = −0.34, p = 0.03). This is the first, yet preliminary investigation on CHS during quarantine. The prevalence of CHS appears higher than the rates (4%) reported in the last years before the COVID-19 outbreak. Perhaps people showed more intense hoarding tendencies during quarantine/social distancing, and this pattern should be monitored. Larger samples, longitudinal designs and clinician-rated instruments are needed to support or not our findings

Seasonal variability of water mass distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea determined by total alkalinity and delta O-18

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Macdonald, Robie W. Gratton, Yves Macdonald, Robie/A-7896-2012 Macdonald, Robie/0000-0002-1141-8520 CCGS Amundsen; CASES (Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study) NSERC network (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada); Canadian Fund for Innovation; Canadian Coast Guard; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; NSERC Discovery We thank the officers and crew of the CCGS Amundsen for their support and dedication to the CASES expedition. We are indebted to Constance Guignard, Nes Sutherland, Pascale Collin, Simon Belanger, Jens Ehn, Mike Arychuk and Owen Owens for their care and perseverance in collecting and analyzing the TA, TIC and pH samples at sea. Thanks must go to the CTD data acquisition group for these basic but critical measurements and the calibration of the various probes. Most of the plots and maps in this study were created with the ODV Software [Schlitzer, 2009]. We also thank A. Proshutinsky and two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments that helped to improve our manuscript. This study was funded through the CASES (Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study) NSERC network (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and a Canadian Fund for Innovation grant to support the upgrade and operation of the CCGS Amundsen. Additional financial contributions were provided by the Canadian Coast Guard, the Strategic Science Fund of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and NSERC Discovery grants to A. Mucci and Y. Gratton. 10 AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION WASHINGTON J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANSWe examined the seasonal variability of water mass distributions in the southeastern Beaufort Sea from data collected between September 2003 and August 2004. Salinity, total alkalinity (TA) and isotopic composition (delta O-18) of seawater were used together as tracers of freshwater input, i.e., meteoric water and sea ice meltwater. We used an optimum multiparameter analysis to identify the different water masses, including the Mackenzie River, sea ice melt (SIM), winter polar mixed layer (PML), upper halocline water (UHW) with core salinity of 33.1 psu (Pacific origin) and Atlantic Water. Computed values of CO2 fugacity in seawater (fCO(2)-sw) show that the surface mixed layer (SML) remains mostly undersaturated (328 +/- 55 mu atm, n = 552) with respect to the average atmospheric CO2 concentration (380 +/- 5 mu atm) over the study period. The influence of the Mackenzie River (fCO(2-SW) > 500 mu atm) was relatively small in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, and significant fractions were only observed on the inner Mackenzie Shelf. The contribution of sea ice melt (fCO(2-SW) 600 mu atm) was usually located between 120 and 180 m depth, but could contribute to the SML during wind-driven upwelling events, in summer and autumn, and during brine-driven eddies, in winter

Acute mesenteric ischemia of arterial origin: importance of early revascularization

GOAL: The goal of our study was to show that survival was better when early revascularization was performed rather than gastrointestinal resection in the management of acute mesenteric ischemia of arterial origin. METHODS: The reports of patients managed in our center between January 2005 and May 2012 for acute mesenteric ischemia of arterial origin were analyzed retrospectively. Data on clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, the interval before treatment, the operative findings and the surgical procedures were collected. Follow-up information included the postoperative course, and mortality at 48 h, 30 days and 1 year, the latter being compared between patients undergoing revascularization versus gastrointestinal resection. RESULTS: Of 43 patients treated during this period, 20 had gastrointestinal lesions deemed to be beyond all therapeutic resources, 13 were treated with gastrointestinal resection without revascularization, while 10 underwent early revascularization. There were no statistically significant differences found in the extent of involvement between the two groups (P=0.22). Mortality at 48 h, 30 days and 1 year was 8% (n=1), 30% (n=4) and 68% (n=8) in patients who underwent enterectomy vs. 0% (n=0), 0% (n=0) and 10% (n=1) in patients who underwent revascularization procedures. The difference at 1 year was statistically significant (P=0.02). At 1 year, two patients in the revascularized group had a short bowel syndrome vs. one in the non-revascularized group. CONCLUSION: Acute mesenteric ischemia of arterial origin is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Optimal management should include early revascularization

Duplication of the Gallbladder. A Case Report

Gallbladder duplication is a rare anatomic malformation, which can now be detected by preoperative imaging study. We report a case of a symptomatic duplicated gallbladder, successfully treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This anomaly is important to know for surgeons because of associated anatomical variations of main bile duct and hepatic artery and increased risk of common bile duct injury

Should pancreaticoduodenectomy be performed in the elderly?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is indicated in benign or malignant pancreatic head diseases. It is a difficult operation with high morbidity especially in elderly patients. The aim of our study was to determine whether pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients ≥ 70 years old. METHODOLOGY: During 17 years, 173 patients were operated by Whipple intervention, whatever the disease. From a prospective database, patients were divided in 2 groups (Group A ≥ 70 years old, Group B <70). RESULTS: Postoperative mortality was not significantly higher in elderly (12% vs. 4.1%; p=0.06). However, re-intervention and morbidity were more important in univariate analysis (p=0.03 and p=0.002 respectively). In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 70 years old was not an independent prognostic factor of mortality (p=0.27) and re-intervention (p=0.07). Whereas age (p=0.04) and preoperative morbidity (p=0.02) were independent prognostic factors of morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: PD requires careful patient selection. However, age should not be a limiting factor