Study of fluorine behaviour in silicon by selective point defect injection

This letter reports a point defect injection study of 185 keV 2.3x1015cm?2 fluorine implanted silicon. After an inert anneal at 1000°C, fluorine peaks are seen at depths of 0.3Rp and Rp and a shoulder between 0.5–0.7Rp. The shallow peak (at 0.3Rp) is significantly smaller under interstitial injection than under both inert and vacancy injection conditions. For a longer anneal under interstitial injection, both the shallow peak and the shoulder are eliminated. These results support earlier work suggesting that the shallow fluorine peak is due to vacancy-fluorine clusters which are responsible for suppression of boron thermal diffusion in silicon. The elimination of the shallow fluorine peak and the shoulder is explained by the annihilation of vacancies in the clusters with injected interstitials

REJİ ŞİRKETİ CİBALİ TÜTÜN FABRİKASI İŞÇİ GREVLERİ (1883-1925)

Ücretli emeğin olduğu her dönemde grevlere rastlamak mümkündür. İşçi ve işveren arasındaki ilişkinin dengeli seviyede ilerleyebilmesi için, işçiler grev silahını geçmişten günümüze kullanmıştır. 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı ekonomisinde görülen sanayileşme hareketleri ile birlikte grevlerin de arttığını görülmektedir. Özellikle tütün sektöründeki sanayileşme ile birlikte ortaya çıkan tütün işçilerinin grevleri, Osmanlı emek tarihinde önemli bir konumdadır. Tütün tekelini elinde bulunduran Reji Şirketi’nin işçilerine sunmuş olduğu çalışma koşulları, ücretler ve mesai saatlerini içeren ağır düzenlemelerine karşı, işçiler zaman zaman grevlere giderek, daha iyi çalışma şartları için direnmişlerdir. Şirketin, İstanbul’daki fabrikası olan, Cibali Tütün Fabrikası işçilerinin grevleri genellikle tepkisel karakterli olmuş ve grev sebepleri ise sadece ekonomik kaynaklı değil, sosyal sebeplerde olmuştur. Cibali Reji işçisi zihniyetinde, grevler süresince oluşan “işçi sınıfı bilinci” dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bilinç, yapılan grevlerle birlikte gelişmiş ve sosyalizm düşüncesi böylece Osmanlı işçileri arasında yaygınlık kazanmışsa da, söz konusu gelişmeleri devlet izleyerek, önlem almış ve bu düşüncenin İstanbul’da gelişimi yaygınlık kazanmamıştır

A Proposed Model for Stock Price Prediction Based on Financial News

In this paper we will propose a model and needed steps that one should undertake in order to try and predict potential stock price fluctuation solely based on financial news from relevant sources. The paper will start with providing background information on the problem and text mining in general, furthermore supporting the idea with relevant research papers needed to focus on the problem we are researching. Our model relies on existing text-mining techniques used for sentiment analysis, combined with historical data from relevant news sources as well as stock data. This work is licensed under a&nbsp;Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</p

Shelf-Life of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) as Infulenced by Different Rates of Hot Water and Dipping Duration at Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia

A laboratory experiment was conducted at wolaita Sodo University, horticulture laboratory during the 2013/2014 season, to evaluate the effects of hot water treatment on shelf life of mango. Treatments consists a combination of hot water at 50oc for five minutes, hot water at 50oc for ten minutes, hot water at 52oc for five minutes, hot water at 52oc for ten minutes and a control (washing with tap water only) laid out in Completely Randomized Design replicated three times. The mango variety known as Kent was used as a test crop. Results revealed that significant differences in peel color intensity when mango is treated at different hot water. It should be noted that mango treated at 520c for 10 minutes remained on the way break green color during the 3 days of storage. The longest shelf life extended up to 13 days under treatment hot water at 520c for 10 minutes. Weight loss of mango during a period of 12 days, showed that significant difference. The control showed the maximum weight loss but treatments (Hot water at 520c for 10 minute, hot water at 520c for 5 minutes and hot water at 520c for 10 minute) does not showed as such significant variation

Polyunsaturated verses saturated index as a reference for determining the quality of edible seed oils extracted from locally cultivated oil seeds of Ethiopia

Consumption of edible oils is increasing tremendously regardless of their high prices. As a result, the global production of vegetable oils has also been growing constantly. This may be related to global population growth and associated increasing demands of the consumers. In this particular work, ten crude food seed oils of Ethiopian origin were extracted in our lab and analyzed for their chemical composition by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). To check their food quality, P/S index of all laboratory extracted seed oils were compared. The fatty acids (fas) concentrations of the oils were determined using decanoic acid methyl ester as internal standard and linoleic acid ethyl ester as a reference. The analysis results indicate that the P/S index for standard crude oils were 8.19 for safflower (sff), 2.58 for sesame (ses), 4.37 for Niger (nig), 5.50 for Linseed (lns), 2.04 for peanut (pnt), 5.13 for Ethiopian mustard (etm) 4.25 for sunflower (suf), 0.09 for palm (pal), 3.14 for soybean (sob), and 1.56 for cotton (cot). The maximum and minimum P/S index were obtained for SFF oil (8.19) and pal oil (0.09), respectively. Analysis of the mixtures of commercial lns and pal oils indicate the improvement of the food quality of the pal seed oil by mixing them in an appropriate ratio

An adolescent with significant emotional and medically unexplained complaints: case report and proposal of an intervention

Background: Ethiopia is a country in which child and adolescent mental health needs are often not met. In order to promote capacity building, a Collaborative International Exchange Programme has been established between Jimma University at Jimma, Ethiopia, and Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. The programme focuses on training non-physician health professionals in mental health speciality. One of the courses in the training programme, child psychiatry, involves a child psychiatrist and a children's nurse supporting the management of a patient described in this case report. Its conceptual framework is based on the section "significant emotional and medically unexplained complaints" of the "WHO mental health GAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings". Objective: The purpose of this case report is to promote confidence in mental health professionals when managing patients with similar conditions, and to stimulate further evaluation of the conceptual approach in developing countries. Patient: The subject of this case report is a 14-year-old adolescent girl admitted to the psychiatric clinic at Jimma University Teaching Hospital. She was admitted for intractable retching, inability to eat, weight loss, and inability to walk. Challenges included the combination of medical and psychiatric symptoms, and the significant impairment of functioning in this adolescent. The first aim in the management of this patient was to guarantee vital functions. In a problem-oriented approach, different domains were addressed to restore nutritional, social, emotional, and motor functions. Treatment consisted of various elements of psychosocial interventions. The patient improved in 2 weeks and the final diagnosis was conversion disorder. Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions can be developed in cooperation, and applied in a setting where little child mental health expertise is available. Case-based learning relying on local expertise is suitable in meeting local needs and in developing mental health services for children and adolescents

An adolescent with significant emotional and medically unexplained complaints: case report and proposal of an intervention

Background: Ethiopia is a country in which child and adolescent mental health needs are often not met. In order to promote capacity building, a Collaborative International Exchange Programme has been established between Jimma University at Jimma, Ethiopia, and Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich, Germany. The programme focuses on training non-physician health professionals in mental health speciality. One of the courses in the training programme, child psychiatry, involves a child psychiatrist and a children's nurse supporting the management of a patient described in this case report. Its conceptual framework is based on the section "significant emotional and medically unexplained complaints" of the "WHO mental health GAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings". Objective: The purpose of this case report is to promote confidence in mental health professionals when managing patients with similar conditions, and to stimulate further evaluation of the conceptual approach in developing countries. Patient: The subject of this case report is a 14-year-old adolescent girl admitted to the psychiatric clinic at Jimma University Teaching Hospital. She was admitted for intractable retching, inability to eat, weight loss, and inability to walk. Challenges included the combination of medical and psychiatric symptoms, and the significant impairment of functioning in this adolescent. The first aim in the management of this patient was to guarantee vital functions. In a problem-oriented approach, different domains were addressed to restore nutritional, social, emotional, and motor functions. Treatment consisted of various elements of psychosocial interventions. The patient improved in 2 weeks and the final diagnosis was conversion disorder. Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions can be developed in cooperation, and applied in a setting where little child mental health expertise is available. Case-based learning relying on local expertise is suitable in meeting local needs and in developing mental health services for children and adolescents

110GHz fT Silicon Bipolar Transistors Implemented using Fluorine Implantation for Boron Diffusion Suppression

This paper investigates how fluorine implantation can be used to suppress boron diffusion in the base of a double polysilicon silicon bipolar transistor and hence deliver a record fT of 110 GHz. Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the effect of the fluorine implantation energy and dose, the anneal temperature and ambient and the germanium pre-amorphisation implant on the fluorine profiles. These results show that retention of fluorine in the silicon is maximised when a high-energy fluorine implant is combined with a low thermal budget inert anneal. TEM images show that a high-energy fluorine implant into germanium pre-amorphised silicon eliminates the end of range defects from the germanium implant and produces a band of dislocation loops deeper in the silicon at the range of the fluorine implant. Boron SIMS profiles show a suppression of boron diffusion for fluorine doses at and above 5?1014cm-2, but no suppression at lower fluorine doses. This suppression of boron diffusion correlates with the appearance on the SIMS profiles of a fluorine peak at a depth of approximately Rp/2, which is attributed to fluorine trapped in vacancy-fluorine clusters. The introduction of a fluorine implant at this critical fluorine dose into a bipolar transistor process flow leads to an increase in cut-off frequency from 46 to 60GHz. Further optimisation of the base-width and the collector profile leads to a further increase in cut-off frequency to 110GHz. Two factors are postulated to contribute to the suppression of boron diffusion by the fluorine implant. First, the elimination of the germanium end of range defects, and the associated interstitial population, by the fluorine implant, removes a source of transient enhanced diffusion. Second, any interstitials released by the dislocation loops at the range of the fluorine implant would be expected to recombine at the vacancy-fluorine clusters before reaching the boron profile

The Structure of Nothingness: A Prelude to a Theory of the Absolute

Among the possible options for the origin of the universe the most sensible one is nothingness, because it is without a need for any other beginning. It must be possible for nothingness to have a structure so that we can speak about it. The structure of nothingness can be constructed by using inward-outward vanishing points, with a guiding principle of conservation of nothingness. When taken all at once, the inward-outward vanishing points remain as they are—nothing; but when they are taken step-by-step, they become something. The idea of a step-by-step move introduces the idea of time. So time is the first one to emerge as a real-worldly concept from the reading of the structure of nothingness. The Emergence of time gives rise to other real-worldly concepts. What we consider as inward-outward vanishing in the realm of nothingness can now be taken as a turn-by-turn state of expansion and contraction in terms of real world perspectives. And what makes such dynamics possible can be considered as energy. And what has been labelled as conservation of nothingness can now be taken as conservation of energy. And the span of events that emerge due to the introduction of time gives us space. And in space matter is produced. The emergence of matter has only been alluded in the paper, but the possible ingredients and their possible combinations are partially manifested in the field diagrams that are integral parts of the paper, and are also thought to be suitable to the task of mathematization of the metaphysical ideas of the work