Analyzing serum tryptophan metabolites in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, the secretion of diabetogenic hormones such as growth hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, placental lactogen hormone, prolactin and progesterone from the placenta could lead to insulin resistance (IR). In Metabolic Syndrome, obesity and Type1&2 diabetes, a shift in the kynurenine pathway (KP) towards IDO activation is observed. The activation of the IDO leads to the activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) also, which may also induce some effects like insulin resistance, β-cell disfunction and increased gluconeogenesis. We hypothesized that the overactivation of IDO and some KP enzymes would be observed in GDM patients, in a similar manner to metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes patients

Evaluation of Effect of Garlic Aged Extracts and Vitamin B12 on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

Objective: This study investigated effects of S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and vitamin B12 on inner ear functions and morphology after long-period high-level broadband noise exposure. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups. First group was chosen as the control group. Vitamin B12, SAMC, and DADS were applied to other groups for 4 weeks. On the 14th day, each group was exposed to broadband noise. Auditory brainstem response test was performed before and immediately after noise exposure and repeated on the 2nd and 14th day. Results: Permanent threshold shifts were significantly lower in groups treated with vitamin B12, SAMC, and DADS. Histologically, cochleae of SAMC and DADS groups were found to be better preserved than the cochleae of vitamin B12 and control groups. Conclusion: Physiologically and histologically, SAMC and DADS reduced the long-term effects of noise. However, physiological recovery was not consistent with the morphological findings in vitamin B12 group