2 research outputs found
EvaluaciĂłn de la composiciĂłn nutricional de la quinua (chenopodium quinoa willd) procedente de los departamentos de JunĂn, Puno, ApurĂmac, Cusco y Ancash
The following study has as purpose giving knowledge about the chemical and nutritional content of the vhite quinua coming from the main areas of production of our country, as well as it diffuseness of its nutritional value inside the population, contributing to improve the level and quality of life of peruvians.For this study, it was taken 30 samples of white quinua coming from different mountain soils of JunĂn, Puno, ApurĂmac, Cusco y Ancash deparments (six samples for each one).They were obtained at random from the cultivated fields. The circunstances of this work was when the crop of this species was carried out and taken to the regional markets.We proceeded to the determination of the protein content by the method of Microkjeldhal, aminoacids content by liquid cromatography of high performance, Fat determination, carbohydrates, ash, fiber, humidity and temperature according to Peruvian technical norms, and determination of mineral by spectrometric in atomic absorption. This work was done in the Medicine Faculty of San MartĂn de Porres University. We obtained as conclusion that it exist significant differences in protein content according to the origin, we obtained the highest value average in JunĂn, 13,71%, the same situation happened with the minerals, being the highest value averae the magnesium with 299 mg/100g of quinua, that covers 95% of the daily requiremente for an adult. The highest value averages of Iron were in Cusco with 8,21 mg/100 g of food, that covers 80% of the daily requirements for an adult. The highest value averages for copper were in JunĂn with 1, 16mg/100 g that covers 78% of the daily requirements for an adult which are from 1,5 to 3 mg.In relation to aminoacids, it exist significant differences between the lysine content in JunĂn which was 5,8% of protein and in Ancash which was 6,81 % of protein, in this case 100g of quinua would cover 82% and 92% of its daily requirements respectively. In the case of the threonine its values varied between 3,49% of protein in Cusco and 5.38% of protein in Ancash, being its differences statiscally significant in the same area of origin, it covers from 73% to 130% of the daily requirements of this aminoacid in an adult respectively.Acording to the methionine its values varied from 1,98% of protein of quinua in JunĂn and 2,69% of protein in Ancash, its values have statistic significance according to the same area of origin, this would cover from 27% to 34% of its daily Methionine requirements in an adult respectivley.We reached the conclusion that the quinua presented better levels of concentration in proteins in JunĂn, probably for the kind of crop used in the area, where pesticides are applied besides urea, the kind of soil, the kind of rotation applied in the area and also the environmental conditions of its production.In relation with minerals we could mention the concentration of magnesium and copper that would be related to the capacity that this plant has for capturing these minerals as well as the composition of the soil in the area of origin.I Puno our grain presented the lowest level of protein beig related with the kind of crop used at Titicaca lake, it uses only natural ferti1izer, they are extensive plantation only to sow quinua, that is why it is not possible that the soil enrich with Nitrogen.In Ancash the levels of lysine, methionine threonine and valine were the highest found. We know that in this area it is used to practicing the alternate crop with beans or potatoes, besides being a natural and unirrigated valley, which it gives characteristics of different crops.The quinua es nutritioanally very rich, specially in aminoacids that it would cover many of the requirements in the adolescents and adults, but not for the babies in process of lactation and school students, this would be a complement in their diet.El presente estudio, tiene como propĂłsito el dar a conocer el contenido quĂmico y nutricional de la quinua blanca procedente de las principales zonas de producciĂłn del PaĂs, asĂ como la divulgaciĂłn, dentro de la poblaciĂłn, de su valor nutricional contribuyendo a mejorar el nivel y calidad de vida del poblador peruano. Para ello se tomaron 30 muestras de quinua variedad blanca de diferentes pisos altitudinales procedentes de los departamentos de JunĂn, Puno, ApurĂmac, Cusco y Ancash en nĂşmero de seis para cada una, obtenidas directamente de los campos de cultivo, al azar, en circunstancias en las cuales se estaba realizando la cosecha de aquellas especies cuyo destino resultan siendo los mercados regionales.Se procediĂł a la determinaciĂłn del contenido, de proteĂnas, aminoácidos por HPLC, grasas, carbohidratos, cenizas, fibra, humedad, temperatura de acuerdo a las normas tĂ©cnicas peruanas y determinaciĂłn de minerales por EspectrometrĂa de AbsorciĂłn AtĂłmica.Se obtuvo como conclusiĂłn que existen diferencias significativas en el contenido de proteĂnas de acuerdo al origen, obteniĂ©ndose el valor promedio mas alto en JunĂn de 13,71%. En cuanto a minerales el valor promedio más alto de magnesio fue de 295 mg/100 g de alimento en JunĂn 10 que cubre el 95% de los requerimientos diarios de un adulto. Los valores promedios mas altos de hierro de acuerdo al origen fue en Cusco de 8,21 mg/ 100 g de alimento, 10 que cubre el 80% de las necesidades diarias de un adulto. El valor promedio más alto de cobre fue en Junin 1,16 mg, cubriendo el 78% de las necesidades diarias de un adulto que son 1,5 a 3 mg.En cuanto a aminoácidos existe diferencia significativa en el contenido de lisina entre la de JunĂn que es de 5.8 g/100 de proteĂna y la de Ancash que es de 6,81 g/100 g de proteĂna; en este caso 100 g de quinua cubrirĂa el 82% y 92% de sus requerimientos diarios respectivamente. En treonina sus valores variaron entre 3,49 mg/100 mg de proteĂna en la de Cusco y 5,38 mg/100 g de proteĂna en la de Ancash, siendo sus valores estadĂsticamente diferentes entre las zonas de origen. EstarĂa cubriendo el 73% a 130% de sus requerimientos diarios de un adulto, respectivamente. En metionina los valores variaron entre 1,98 mg/100 g de proteĂna para la quinua de JunĂn y 2,69 mg/100 mg de proteĂna en la de Ancash. Los valores tienen significaciĂłn estadĂsticamente diferente segĂşn la zona de origen; cubrirĂa el 27% a 34% del requerimiento diario de un adulto, respectivamente.Se llegĂł a la conclusiĂłn que en el departamento de JunĂn la quinua presentaba mejores niveles de concentraciĂłn de proteĂnas. En cuanto a minerales se refiere cabe destacar la abundancia de magnesio y cobre. En el departamento de Puno nuestro grano presentaba el nivel más bajo de proteĂnas. En Ancash los niveles encontrados de lisina, metionina, treonina y valina fueron los más elevados. Se demuestra que la quinua es un alimento de alto valor nutritivo y que podrĂa cubrir, en gran parte, los requerimientos de aminoácidos de adolescentes y adultos
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030