Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2.

During gestation the developing human fetus is exposed to a diverse range of potentially immune-stimulatory molecules including semi-allogeneic antigens from maternal cells, substances from ingested amniotic fluid, food antigens, and microbes. Yet the capacity of the fetal immune system, including antigen-presenting cells, to detect and respond to such stimuli remains unclear. In particular, dendritic cells, which are crucial for effective immunity and tolerance, remain poorly characterized in the developing fetus. Here we show that subsets of antigen-presenting cells can be identified in fetal tissues and are related to adult populations of antigen-presenting cells. Similar to adult dendritic cells, fetal dendritic cells migrate to lymph nodes and respond to toll-like receptor ligation; however, they differ markedly in their response to allogeneic antigens, strongly promoting regulatory T-cell induction and inhibiting T-cell tumour-necrosis factor-α production through arginase-2 activity. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated role of dendritic cells within the developing fetus and indicate that they mediate homeostatic immune-suppressive responses during gestation

How corporate social responsibility contributes to strengthening brand loyalty, hotel positioning and intention to revisit?

This study aims to investigate if the visitors’ perception of corporate social responsibility influences both hotel brand positioning and intention to revisit. Furthermore, it examines the indirect impact of corporate social responsibility on hotel brand positioning and intention to revisit through other major factors (identification, satisfaction, and loyalty). In total, 348 valid questionnaires were collected from customers reserved a hotel room in the UK within the last six months at the time of this investigation. Structural equation modeling was conducted to advance insight into the various influences and relationships. The results showed that there is a significant direct relationship between CSR with hotel brand positioning and indirect relationship between CSR and intention to revisit through identification, loyalty. However, surprisingly there are no relationships between CSR with satisfaction and satisfaction with loyalty. This study contributes to the existing literature on CSR in hotel management by investigating the impact of the customers’ perception of a hotel’s CSR on both hotel brand positioning and customers’ intention to revisit. Moreover, this study also contributes to hotel management literature by investigating the indirect impact of identification, satisfaction, and loyalty on the relationship between CSR with hotel brand positioning and intention to revisit

A Physical Model of a Single-Reed Wind Instrument, Including Actions of the Player

For the Physical Modeling Synthesis of wind instruments, we choose to design a model adapted to time domain simulation which takes into account the main part of the physical phenomena, including instrument/player interactions. The virtual instrument is designed as a set of lumped elements, e.g. the mouth, the key or the bell, connected to each other by two-ports representing the tube. The sounds obtained show that the accuracy of the modeling of a specific mechanism is less important than the modeling, even simplified, of all the significant actions of the player on his instrument

Correction: Epidermal ?? T cells originate from yolk sac hematopoiesis and clonally self-renew in the adult(Journal of Experimental Medicine(2018) 215:12: DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181206)

10.1084/jem.2018120611142018cJournal of Experimental Medicine21512321

Liver fibrosis and CD206⁺ macrophage accumulation are suppressed by anti-GM-CSF therapy

10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.11.006JHEP Reports21100062

Human fetal dendritic cells promote prenatal T-cell immune suppression through arginase-2

10.1038/nature22795Nature5467660662-666NATU