ERRATUM

This erratum concerns a correction in the article KONTROLA STRANIH DIREKTNIH INVESTICIJA U PRAVU EU U USLOVIMA KRIZE IZAZVANE PANDEMIJOM published in Strani pravni život, Vol 65, no. 3, 2021, pp. 361-374 (doi: 10.5937/spz65-33936). On page 361 in the course of editorial process a footnote was omitted. The missing footnote should state the following: ** Rad predstavlja rezultat projekta Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu „Epidemija. Pravo. Društvo“ za 2021. godinu. The corrected version of the article was published on the website of the journal: http://www.stranipravnizivot.rs/index.php/SPZ/article/view/837/802. The error lies solely on the editorial board, and the author bears no responsibility. We would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.  Ova ispravka se odnosi na članak KONTROLA STRANIH DIREKTNIH INVESTICIJA U PRAVU EU U USLOVIMA KRIZE IZAZVANE PANDEMIJOM objavljen u časopisu Strani pravni život, Vol 65, br. 3, 2021, str. 361-374 (doi: 10.5937/spz65-33936). Na strani 361 tokom uređivačkog postupka ispuštena je fusnota. Fusnota bi trebalo da glasi: ** Rad predstavlja rezultat projekta Pravnog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu „Epidemija. Pravo. Društvo“ za 2021. godinu. Ispravljena verzija članka objavljena je na sajtu časopisa: http://www.stranipravnizivot.rs/index.php/SPZ/article/view/837/802. Odgovornost zbog propusta leži isključivo na uredništvu časopisa, autor ne snosi nikakvu odgovornost. Uredništvo se izvinjava zbog propusta. &nbsp

PRAVA ŽRTAVA KRIVIČNIH DELA U HOLANDIJI

U radu je ispitana zaštita prava žrtava krivičnih dela u Holandiji. Cilj istraživanja je da se objasni sveobuhvatnost reformi (od 1980) i izaberu primeri dobre prakse (vezano za usklađivanje sa Direktivom o pravima žrtava 2012/29EU). Stalnim reformama prevaziđena je pasivna uloga žrtve u krivičnom postupku, garantovana su njena posebna prava. Žrtva tako postaje centralna figura krivičnopravnog sistema. Autor ukazuje na osobena rešenja u holandskom pravu – pravo žrtve da se obrati sudu (ukazujući na posledice viktimizacije i drugo), medijacija, institut transactio (odustanak od gonjenja), nalog za naknadu štete, avansno plaćanje naknade štete iz sredstava Centralne agencije za novčane kazne, ako je učinilac ne plati u određenom roku. Opisan je i postupak obeštećenja iz Fonda za naknadu štete za zločine nasilja. Pokazuje se da je od presudne važnosti uspostavljanje delotvornog organizacionog okvira ostvarivanja prava žrtava, primereno potrebama datog društva

DR JOVAN ĆIRIĆ (4. april 1960 – 12. decembar 2022)

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Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia

Climate change is contributing to an increase in extreme weather events. This results in a higher river flooding risk, causing a series of environmental disturbances, including potential contamination of agricultural soil. In Serbia, the catastrophic floods of 2014 affected six river basins, including the Kolubara River Basin, as one of the larger sub-catchments of the large regional Sava River Basin, which is characterized by large areas under agricultural cultures, various geological substrates, and different types of industrial pollution. The main aim of this study was to establish the sources of potentially toxic elements in soil and flood sediments and the effect of the flood on their concentrations. Field sampling was performed immediately after water had receded from the flooded area in May 2014. In total, 36 soil samples and 28 flood sediment samples were collected. After acid digestion (HNO3), concentrations of the most frequent potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural production (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and Co which are closely related to the geological characteristics of river catchments, were analyzed. The origin, source, and interrelations of microelements, as well as BACKGROUND: values of the PTE of the river catchment, the pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (Ef), and geological index (Igeo), were determined, using statistical methods such as Pearson correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression (MLRA). The content of the hot acid-extractable forms of the elements, PCA, and MLRA revealed a heavy geological influence on microelement content, especially on Ni, Cr, and Co, while an anthropogenic influence was observed for Cu, Zn, and Cd content. This mixed impact was primarily related to mines and their impact on As and Pb content. The pseudo-total concentrations of all the analyzed elements did not prove to be a danger in the catchment area, except for Cu in some samples, indicating point-source pollution, and Ni, whose pseudo-total content could be a limiting factor in agricultural production. For the Ef, the Ni content in 59% soil and 68% flood sediment samples is classified into influence classes. The similar pseudo-total contents of the elements studied in soil samples and flood sediment and their origin indicate that the long-term soil formation process is subject to periodic flooding in the Kolubara River Basin without any significant changes taking place. This implies that floods are not an endangering factor in terms of the contamination of soil by potentially toxic elements in the explored area

EDITORIAL

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How to make more humane life imprisonment ("lock up and throw away the key" concept): On the examples of Italy and the Netherlands

The author criticizes the concept of whole life sentence from the aspect of the European standards of protection of the rights of persons deprived of their liberty. The aim of the paper is to contribute scientific critique of new solutions on life imprisonment in Serbian Criminal legislations, because the life imprisonment was introduced in 2019, but the conditions on serving the sentence are not prescribed. Conditional release of convict for certain serious crimes are forbidden. On the contrary, the relevant acts of the Council of Europe and the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) show that the principle of social reintegration of offenders must be ensured in the national enforcement system, otherwise there is a risk of violating Art. 3 of the European Convention. The state has an obligation to include lifelong prisoners in prison rehabilitation programs, as well as establish and use mechanism to reduce sentences. Using examples from Italy and the Netherlands, the author examines the circumstances due to which the standards of ECHR of execution of life imprisonment in those countries have not been reached. In that way, the attention of the legislator in Serbia is drawn to the fact that the principle of effective offender's rehabilitation (also his right of rehabilitation) must not be neglected even when the crime needs to be reacted to the strongest sanctions, with a lifelong imprisonment

Atmospheric Deposition Effects on Agricultural Soil Acidification State — Key Study : Krupanj Municipality

Acidification, as a form of soil degradation is a process that leads to permanent reduction in the quality of soil as the most important natural resource. The process of soil acidification, which in the first place implies a reduction in soil pH, can be caused by natural processes, but also considerably accelerated by the anthropogenic influence of excessive S and N emissions, uncontrolled deforestation, and intensive agricultural processes. Critical loads, i.e. the upper limit of harmful depositions (primarily of S and N) which will not cause damages to the ecosystem, were determined in Europe under the auspices of the Executive Committee of the CLRTAP in 1980. These values represent the basic indicators of ecosystem stability to the process of acidification. This paper defines the status of acidification for the period up to 2100 in relation to the long term critical and target loading of soil with S and N on the territory of Krupanj municipality by applying the VSD model. The Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) geostatistic module was used as the interpolation method. Land management, particularly in areas susceptible to acidification, needs to be focused on well-balanced agriculture and use of crops/seedlings to achieve the optimum land use and sustainable productivity for the projected 100-year period

Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia)

Extreme flooding in May, 2014 affected the sub-catchments of six major rivers in Serbia. The goal of the study was to evaluate the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in flood sediments and arable soils within the affected sub-catchments using regulatory guidelines and BACKGROUND: levels. The sub-catchment of West Morava was selected to assess the degree of sediments and soils contamination and environmental risk [using the Pollution index (P-i), Enrichment factor, Geo-accumulation index, and Potential ecological risk index (PERI)] as well as to identify main PTEs sources by Principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis. Contents of Ni, Cr, As, Pb, and Cu above both guidelines and BACKGROUND: levels, and of Zn and Cd above BACKGROUND: levels were detected in the sediments and soils from all the sub-catchments. P-i indicted that about 95% of the soils and sediments were extremely polluted by Ni and about 65% slightly polluted by Cr, whereas about 90% were not polluted by As, Cd, Pb, Cu, or Zn. E-f indicated minor to moderate enrichment of the soils and sediments by Ni, and Cr. PCA differentiated a geogenic origin of Ni, Cr, As, and Pb, a mixed origin of Cd and Zn, and a predominantly anthropogenic origin of Cu. PERI of the soils and sediments suggested a low overall multi-element ecological risk. The ecological risk of the individual elements (E) for soils was Zn lt Cr lt Pb lt Ni lt Cu lt As lt Cd