Herbs Having Analgesic Activity

Healthcare maintains a high priority on pain management, and research to develop safer and more potent analgesics is ongoing. Natural goods, especially plants, have recently attracted renewed interest as potential sources of analgesic medications. In this study, various techniques are used to measure pain. The rich source of analgesics found in medicinal plants includes Moringa oleifera, Aloe barbadensis, Curcuma longa, Eugenia caryophyllata, Adhatoda vasica, Mentha piperita, Ocimum sanctum, Zingiber officinale, Lavandula angustifolia, Epilobium angustifolium, Dialium guineense, Sida acuta, Stylosanthes fruticose, Bougainvilla spectabilis, Ficus glomerata, Polyalithia longifolia, Calotropis gigantea, Tinospora cordifolia, Ageratina glabrata, Mangifera indica, Peperomia pellucida, Jatropha gossypifolia, Leonotis leonurus, Mimosa rubicaulis, Cussonia paniculate, Biebersteinia multifida, Alternanthera sessislis, Mentha arvensis, Oroxylum indicum, Tamarindus indica, Cucurbita maxima, Cucumis sativus, Emblica officinalis, Angiopteris evecta, Parastrephia lephidophylla, Peperomia pellucida, Scoparia dulcis, Ficus racemose, Eremostachys laciniata, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Kigelia pinnata, Molineria capitulate, Manihot esculenta, Ficus religiosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Grangea maderaspatana, Nothospondias staudtii, Rhodiola rosea, Juniperus communis, Erythrina variegate etc. The results reported in this review paper represent scientific knowledge that may be applied in the future to isolate potentially active molecules from some of these medicinal plants

Influence of foliar spray and post-harvest treatments on head yield, shelf-life, and physicochemical qualities of broccoli

Rapid senescence is the key factor in the deterioration of post-harvest shelf-life in broccoli heads. This study evaluates the head yield and its related traits, and physicochemical attributes of broccoli under four foliar sprays of mineral nutrients (B, Zn, Mo, and B + Zn + Mo) with control. The interaction effects of shelf-life and physicochemical attributes of broccoli for these five pre-harvest and five post-harvest storage treatments (LDP bag, HDP vacuum pack, 2% eggshell powder solution, 2% ascorbic acid, and control) both at cold storage and room temperature were evaluated with three replications. The significantly higher marketable head yield of 28.02 t ha−1, maximum gross return [(Bangladesh Taka (BDT 420300 ha−1)], net return (BDT 30565 ha−1), and maximum benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 3.67 were obtained from the pre-harvest foliar application of B + Zn + Mo in broccoli. Pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient B + Zn + Mo and post-harvest treatment high-density polyethylene (HDP, 15 μm) vacuum packaging efficiently improve post-harvest physicochemical attributes, viz., compactness, green color, texture, carbohydrates, fats, energy, antioxidants, vitamin C, and total phenols in broccoli head compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. In addition, this treatment combination also confirmed a maximum shelf-life of 24.55 days at cold storage [relative humidity (RH) 90–95% and 4°C] and 7.05 days at room temperature (RH 60–65% and 14–22°C) compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. Therefore, we recommend a pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient elements B + Zn + Mo and an HDP (15 μm) vacuum post-harvest packaging for the maximum benefits for both farmers and consumers to get the best head yield, anticipated physicochemical attributes, and maximum shelf-life of broccoli

EFFECTS OF ALOE VERA GEL AND SODIUM BENZOATE ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO VARIETIES

One of the most popular climacteric fruits, tomatoes contain numerous nutrients that are essential to human nutrition, including vitamins, minerals, lycopene, beta-carotene, and other bioactive substances. Due to a lack of appropriate processing technique, a large amount of postharvest loss is usually experienced every year as it is a highly perishable vegetable. This study aims to increase the shelf life and quality of three tomato varieties (BARI Tomato-8, BARI Tomato-10, and BARI Tomato-11). Firstly, chemical analysis (pH, TSS, titrable acidity) of prepared aloe vera gel (AVG) along with antioxidant properties was determined. Then three tomato varieties were coated with aloe vera gel (AVG), sodium benzoate (SB), the combination of aloe vera gel and sodium benzoate, and without any coating considered as control. Treated samples were then analyzed for pH, TSS, weight loss, titratable acidity, and antioxidative activities during storage. Treated samples (10% AVG, 3% SB solution, and 3% SB +10% AVG) showed a gradual increase in pH, TSS, weight loss, and a decrease in the titratable acidity as well induced antioxidative activities differently during storage in comparison with the control one. The antioxidant capacity was calculated up to 78.25 % for 10% Aloe vera gel treated samples while aloe vera gel had 15.22% radical scavenging activity (RSA). In all tomato varieties, more than 50% DPPH radical inhibition had been observed for most of the treatment groups except 3% SB after 21 days of storage. Overall, 3% SB mixed with 10% AVG showed the best results among the four treatments. [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2022; 20(4.000): 449-457

Study on the Purification and Reusability of Burnt Cooking Oil and Assessment of Its Physicochemical and Safety Parameters

Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the reusability of edible oils and to find which temperature the refined oils could be used for cooking purposes. Study Design:  The study followed a completely randomized design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Agro Product Processing Technology and its corresponding laboratory on Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh. The study took three consecutive months to complete the study. Methodology: The study adopted several methods to refine the burnt cooking oils and analyze their physicochemical as well as cooking qualities. At first, the heat was applied to commercially purchased palm, soybean, and rice bran oil. Produced burnt oil was refined using a base and hexane mixture. After that, these refined oils were repeatedly heated for 15, 30 and 60 minutes and physicochemical quality like peroxide value (PV), saponification number (SN), acid value (AV), etc were analyzed for each oil sample at each time interval. Furthermore, cooking quality of the refined oils was determined by frying sausages using each oil and the flavor, color, texture and overall acceptability were determined using hedonic scale. Results: The study found that the refining rate of each oil was at the peak when the base -to-hexane ratio was 9:1. An increasing trend was observed in the case of the peroxide value of the refined oils during repeated heating. This trend was most predominant in case of palm oil. In palm oil sample, PV of palm oil increased from 4.950±0.6 to 14.432±0.86 meqo2/kg oil at the third time of heating. The other two sample oils also crossed the standard PV of the respective oil at the third time of heating. It means all the refined oil can be used for a maximum of three times. Acid value of the oils also showed the same trend of increasing with an increase in temperature. In the case of SN, palm oil showed a higher degree of saturation with increased heating time among the refined oils. The flavor, color, texture, and overall acceptability of the sausages fried in these three showed significant differences at p<0.05. This is an indicator that burnt cooking oil that was refined can be reused in cooking.    Conclusion: Due to the increasing price of edible oils and limited resources, they can be refined from their burnt stage and reused for cooking. Therefore, refining can be a good method to solving edible oil scarcity

Flow cytometry-based quantification of genome editing efficiency in human cell lines using the L1CAM gene.

CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing system that has remarkably facilitated gene knockout and targeted knock-in. To accelerate the practical use of CRISPR/Cas9, however, it remains crucial to improve the efficiency, precision, and specificity of genome editing, particularly targeted knock-in, achieved with this system. To improve genome editing efficiency, researchers should first have a molecular assay that allows sensitive monitoring of genome editing events with simple procedures. In the current study, we demonstrate that genome editing events occurring in L1CAM, an X-chromosome gene encoding a cell surface protein, can be readily monitored using flow cytometry (FCM) in multiple human cell lines including neuroblastoma cell lines. The abrogation of L1CAM was efficiently achieved using Cas9 nucleases which disrupt exons encoding the L1CAM extracellular domain, and was easily detected by FCM using anti-L1CAM antibodies. Notably, L1CAM-abrogated cells could be quantified by FCM in four days after transfection with a Cas9 nuclease, which is much faster than an established assay based on the PIGA gene. In addition, the L1CAM-based assay allowed us to measure the efficiency of targeted knock-in (correction of L1CAM mutations) accomplished through different strategies, including a Cas9 nuclease-mediated method, tandem paired nicking, and prime editing. Our L1CAM-based assay using FCM enables rapid and sensitive quantification of genome editing efficiencies and will thereby help researchers improve genome editing technologies

Image_1_Influence of foliar spray and post-harvest treatments on head yield, shelf-life, and physicochemical qualities of broccoli.pdf

Rapid senescence is the key factor in the deterioration of post-harvest shelf-life in broccoli heads. This study evaluates the head yield and its related traits, and physicochemical attributes of broccoli under four foliar sprays of mineral nutrients (B, Zn, Mo, and B + Zn + Mo) with control. The interaction effects of shelf-life and physicochemical attributes of broccoli for these five pre-harvest and five post-harvest storage treatments (LDP bag, HDP vacuum pack, 2% eggshell powder solution, 2% ascorbic acid, and control) both at cold storage and room temperature were evaluated with three replications. The significantly higher marketable head yield of 28.02 t ha−1, maximum gross return [(Bangladesh Taka (BDT 420300 ha−1)], net return (BDT 30565 ha−1), and maximum benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 3.67 were obtained from the pre-harvest foliar application of B + Zn + Mo in broccoli. Pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient B + Zn + Mo and post-harvest treatment high-density polyethylene (HDP, 15 μm) vacuum packaging efficiently improve post-harvest physicochemical attributes, viz., compactness, green color, texture, carbohydrates, fats, energy, antioxidants, vitamin C, and total phenols in broccoli head compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. In addition, this treatment combination also confirmed a maximum shelf-life of 24.55 days at cold storage [relative humidity (RH) 90–95% and 4°C] and 7.05 days at room temperature (RH 60–65% and 14–22°C) compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. Therefore, we recommend a pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient elements B + Zn + Mo and an HDP (15 μm) vacuum post-harvest packaging for the maximum benefits for both farmers and consumers to get the best head yield, anticipated physicochemical attributes, and maximum shelf-life of broccoli.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Influence of foliar spray and post-harvest treatments on head yield, shelf-life, and physicochemical qualities of broccoli.docx

Rapid senescence is the key factor in the deterioration of post-harvest shelf-life in broccoli heads. This study evaluates the head yield and its related traits, and physicochemical attributes of broccoli under four foliar sprays of mineral nutrients (B, Zn, Mo, and B + Zn + Mo) with control. The interaction effects of shelf-life and physicochemical attributes of broccoli for these five pre-harvest and five post-harvest storage treatments (LDP bag, HDP vacuum pack, 2% eggshell powder solution, 2% ascorbic acid, and control) both at cold storage and room temperature were evaluated with three replications. The significantly higher marketable head yield of 28.02 t ha−1, maximum gross return [(Bangladesh Taka (BDT 420300 ha−1)], net return (BDT 30565 ha−1), and maximum benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 3.67 were obtained from the pre-harvest foliar application of B + Zn + Mo in broccoli. Pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient B + Zn + Mo and post-harvest treatment high-density polyethylene (HDP, 15 μm) vacuum packaging efficiently improve post-harvest physicochemical attributes, viz., compactness, green color, texture, carbohydrates, fats, energy, antioxidants, vitamin C, and total phenols in broccoli head compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. In addition, this treatment combination also confirmed a maximum shelf-life of 24.55 days at cold storage [relative humidity (RH) 90–95% and 4°C] and 7.05 days at room temperature (RH 60–65% and 14–22°C) compared to the rest of the treatment combinations. Therefore, we recommend a pre-harvest foliar spray of combined nutrient elements B + Zn + Mo and an HDP (15 μm) vacuum post-harvest packaging for the maximum benefits for both farmers and consumers to get the best head yield, anticipated physicochemical attributes, and maximum shelf-life of broccoli.</p

Characterization and evaluation of flour's physico-chemical, functional, and nutritional quality attributes from edible and non-edible parts of papaya

Papaya fruits different edible and non-edible portions are valued for the abundance of numerous nutrients and therapeutic benefits. The study was aimed to examine the physico-chemical properties, bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total flavonoids), antioxidant activity and microstructure analysis of the peel, pulp and seed flour of both ripe and unripe papaya. The results demonstrated the different portions of both ripe and unripe papaya fruit flour differed significantly with respect to almost all quality attributes within them. The physico-chemical variations have been evaluated through evaluation of the pH, moisture content, TSS, and ascorbic acid content of the papaya fruits during both ripening stages. Statistically significant variations (p < 0.05) were observed between two distinct stages of ripening. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the fruit revealed a notable increase as it matured, while the pH, moisture, and TSS all exhibited a substantial decrease (p < 0.05) during the immature stage. The unripe peel showed the most significant level of bulk density, tapped density, swelling capacity, crude fiber, and TFC whereas the unripe seed showed the highest value of ash, crude fat, and TPC. For the rest of the value, ripe pulp and seed flour showed a significantly higher value than others. The total phenolic content in seed flour and the total flavonoid content of peel flour were 196.9 ± 0.03 and 164.9 ± 0.08 mgQE/100 g, respectively, at unripe conditions. An immense amount of antioxidant activity was found in ripe (20.48 ± 0.54%) and unripe (16.05 ± 0.32%) peels flour. The flour granules' diverse morphological forms and particle sizes were identified by SEM analysis. The versatility of papaya and its various components provides opportunities for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries. The papaya fruit flour of different portions have unique functional, nutritional, and morphological characteristics that may contribute to the development of gluten free flour based value added baked products

Near-diploid male cell lines highly expressing <i>L1CAM</i>, besides SK-N-BE(2), may serve as platforms for the <i>L1CAM</i> assay.

(A) Representative dot plots obtained in this analysis. The CHP-134, LA-N-5, and TGW neuroblastoma cell lines and the HCT116 colon cancer cell line were transfected with ex26-1 or ex26-2 nuclease, a vector control, or none. The cells were then stained as indicated at the top of the panels and analyzed applying FCM settings noted along the X- and Y-axes of dot plots. Percentages of Alexa Fluor 488-negative cells are denoted in the plots. (B) Graphical summary of the experimental results, with representatives shown in (A). The results of FCM analyses conducted without staining cells are omitted from the graphs. Data represent the mean and SEM values from three independent experiments.</p