Multilevel Inverter by using Switching Capacitor in PV Grid

Abstract: In this paper, we are using multilevel inverter by using switching capacitor for PV grid. Now a day's multilevel inverters have become more popular over the years in electric high power application with the promise of less disturbances and the possibility to function at lower switching frequencies than ordinary two-level inverters. So by cascading multilevel inverter the output voltage will be increases. By using multilevel inverter the cost will be less. It will be required less space. Modulation strategies, component comparison and solutions to the multilevel voltage source balancing problem will also be presented in this work. By using the multilevel inverter we can reduce the total harmonic distraction compare to the other sources in PV grid for DC to AC converter. The proposed method is simulated in Matlab Simulink

Analysis of DSTATCOM for PV Based Micro Grid

Abstract: As the power demand is increasing in India the PV grid is playing important role in power distribution the main problem in PV based microgrid is power quality problem In this paper proposes a new method to generate reference voltage for overcome harmonic in line voltage the a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) operating in PV based micro grid. The proposed method ensures that nearly unity power factor (UPF) is attained at the load terminal during nominal operation. Also the compensator injects lower currents and therefore reduces losses in the feeder. The rating of DSTATCOM is achieved which will improve the quality of voltage by to mitigate voltage sag and swell. In this paper we analysis DSTATCOM for PV grid in MATLAB simulation. Keywords: Power quality (PQ), micro grid, DSTATCOM, voltage control, PI controller. I.) INTRODUCTION In recent years the PV based micro grid has been growing due to its several potential and economic advantages like, the microgrid has small investment. The micro-grid has less energy losses and higher overall energy efficiency. The micro-grid is designed based on the renewable energy sources near by the Load. The fuel cells and PV cell technology are mainly used in the micro grid to full-fill the load demand with hybrid technology. In hybrid micro-grid the power quality problem is the measures aspect, which is affecting the load demand. The main reason of power quality problem is power electronic components, which necessary in micro grid to convert dc to ac. The output of the inverter in micro grid should be compatible in voltage and frequency with load. In ac micro-grid dc power from photovoltaic panels has been converted into ac using dc/dc boosters and dc/ac inverter in order to connect the ac load. Due to static devices in converter results are harmonics injection and lower power factor to electric power system. The load equipment's of the modern generation are additional sensitive. Due to harmonics can initiate production loss, financial loss and environmental effect. A Distribution system suffers from current as well as voltage-related power-quality (PQ) problems, which include poor power factor, distorted source current, and voltage disturbances A DSTATCOM [1] connected at the point of common coupling (PCC), II.) DSTATCOM Power quality (PQ) in distribution systems affects is a measure of deviations in voltage, current, frequency of a specific system and associated component

Graviton 1-loop partition function for 3-dimensional massive gravity

The graviton 1-loop partition function in Euclidean topologically massive gravity (TMG) is calculated using heat kernel techniques. The partition function does not factorize holomorphically, and at the chiral point it has the structure expected from a logarithmic conformal field theory. This gives strong evidence for the proposal that the dual conformal field theory to TMG at the chiral point is indeed logarithmic. We also generalize our results to new massive gravity.Comment: 19 pages, v2: major revision, considerably stronger conclusions, added comparison with LCFT partition function, confirmation of LCFT conjecture, added autho

Mucosal Application of gp140 Encoding DNA Polyplexes to Different Tissues Results in Altered Immunological Outcomes in Mice

Increasing evidence suggests that mucosally targeted vaccines will enhance local humoral and cellular responses whilst still eliciting systemic immunity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nasal, sublingual or vaginal delivery of DNA-PEI polyplexes to prime immune responses prior to mucosal protein boost vaccination. Using a plasmid expressing the model antigen HIV CN54gp140 we show that each of these mucosal surfaces were permissive for DNA priming and production of antigen-specific antibody responses. The elicitation of systemic immune responses using nasally delivered polyplexed DNA followed by recombinant protein boost vaccination was equivalent to a systemic prime-boost regimen, but the mucosally applied modality had the advantage in that significant levels of antigen-specific IgA were detected in vaginal mucosal secretions. Moreover, mucosal vaccination elicited both local and systemic antigen-specific IgG(+) and IgA(+) antibody secreting cells. Finally, using an Influenza challenge model we found that a nasal or sublingual, but not vaginal, DNA prime/protein boost regimen protected against infectious challenge. These data demonstrate that mucosally applied plasmid DNA complexed to PEI followed by a mucosal protein boost generates sufficient antigen-specific humoral antibody production to protect from mucosal viral challenge

Chern-Simons black holes: scalar perturbations, mass and area spectrum and greybody factors

We study the Chern-Simons black holes in d-dimensions and we calculate analytically the quasi-normal modes of the scalar perturbations and we show that they depend on the highest power of curvature present in the Chern-Simons theory. We obtain the mass and area spectrum of these black holes and we show that they have a strong dependence on the topology of the transverse space and they are not evenly spaced. We also calculate analytically the reflection and transmission coefficients and the absorption cross section and we show that at low frequency limit there is a range of modes which contributes to the absorption cross section.Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, the title has been changed to reflect the addition of an another section on the reflection, transmission coefficients and absorption cross sections of the Chern-Simons black holes. Version to be published in JHE

Back reaction, covariant anomaly and effective action

In the presence of back reaction, we first produce the one-loop corrections for the event horizon and Hawking temperature of the Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. Then, based on the covariant anomaly cancelation method and the effective action technique, the modified expressions for the fluxes of gauge current and energy momentum tensor, due to the effect of back reaction, are obtained. The results are consistent with the Hawking fluxes of a (1+1)-dimensional blackbody at the temperature with quantum corrections, thus confirming the robustness of the covariant anomaly cancelation method and the effective action technique for black holes with back reaction.Comment: 17 page

AdS_3/LCFT_2 - Correlators in Cosmological Topologically Massive Gravity

For cosmological topologically massive gravity at the chiral point we calculate momentum space 2- and 3-point correlators of operators in the postulated dual CFT on the cylinder. These operators are sourced by the bulk and boundary gravitons. Our correlators are fully consistent with the proposal that cosmological topologically massive gravity at the chiral point is dual to a logarithmic CFT. In the process we give a complete classification of normalizable and non-normalizeable left, right and logarithmic solutions to the linearized equations of motion in global AdS_3.Comment: 39 pages + appendices, 1 eps figure, v2: minor changes in text in 4.1.2, corrected typo in (2.31

Alterations in Adenosine Metabolism and Signaling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Background: Adenosine is generated in response to cellular stress and damage and is elevated in the lungs of patients with chronic lung disease. Adenosine signaling through its cell surface receptors serves as an amplifier of chronic lung disorders, suggesting adenosine-based therapeutics may be beneficial in the treatment of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Previous studies in mouse models of chronic lung disease demonstrate that the key components of adenosine metabolism and signaling are altered. Changes include an upregulation of CD73, the major enzyme of adenosine production and down-regulation of adenosine deaminase (ADA), the major enzyme for adenosine metabolism. In addition, adenosine receptors are elevated. Methodology/Principal Findings: The focus of this study was to utilize tissues from patients with COPD or IPF to examine whether changes in purinergic metabolism and signaling occur in human disease. Results demonstrate that the levels of CD73 and A2BR are elevated in surgical lung biopsies from severe COPD and IPF patients. Immunolocalization assays revealed abundant expression of CD73 and the A2BR in alternatively activated macrophages in both COPD and IPF samples. In addition, mediators that are regulated by the A 2BR, such as IL-6, IL-8 and osteopontin were elevated in these samples and activation of the A 2BR on cells isolated from the airways of COPD and IPF patients was shown to directly induce the production of these mediators. Conclusions/Significance: These findings suggest that components of adenosine metabolism and signaling are altered in

Hawking emission from quantum gravity black holes

We address the issue of modelling quantum gravity effects in the evaporation of higher dimensional black holes in order to go beyond the usual semi-classical approximation. After reviewing the existing six families of quantum gravity corrected black hole geometries, we focus our work on non-commutative geometry inspired black holes, which encode model independent characteristics, are unaffected by the quantum back reaction and have an analytical form compact enough for numerical simulations. We consider the higher dimensional, spherically symmetric case and we proceed with a complete analysis of the brane/bulk emission for scalar fields. The key feature which makes the evaporation of non-commutative black holes so peculiar is the possibility of having a maximum temperature. Contrary to what happens with classical Schwarzschild black holes, the emission is dominated by low frequency field modes on the brane. This is a distinctive and potentially testable signature which might disclose further features about the nature of quantum gravity.Comment: 36 pages, 18 figures, v2: updated reference list, minor corrections, version matching that published on JHE