Metodología para la Implementación de Tarjeta de Pago Electrónico en el Sistema de Transporte Público Colectivo Urbano de la Ciudad de Santa Marta

El sistema de transporte público colectivo en Colombia en la actualidad presenta fallas principalmente su sistema tarifario, porque lleva al uso de dinero en efectivo para pagar el pasaje; teniendo un contacto pasajero-conductor para pagar su transporte. Esto conlleva a un desorden en la movilidad dado a que los conductores no cuentan con un salario y ocurre lo que comúnmente se conoce como la guerra del centavo. La finalidad del artículo, es buscar la organización del transporte público colectivo de la ciudad de Santa Marta con la implementación de tarjetas de pago electrónico, modificando así el pago tarifario supliendo el uso de dinero en efectivo y formalizando de tal forma a los conductores con un salario mensual. Esto produciría un efecto positivo y haría del transporte de la ciudad un sistema más atractivo y optimizado con el uso de los sistemas inteligentes de transporte (SIT).The collective public transport system in Colombia currently has faults, mainly its tariff system, because cash is used to pay for the passage; having a passenger-driver contact to pay for their transportation. This entails a problem in the mobility since the drivers do not count on a salary and that is known as the war of the penny. The purpose of the service is the organization of collective public transportation in the city of Santa Marta with the implementation of electronic payment cards, thus modifying the payment of the fare, the use of cash and the formalization of the form to drivers with a monthly salary This translates into a positive effect and in the transportation of the city, a more attractive and optimized system with the use of intelligent transport systems (SIT).Resumen. --Abstract. --I.Introducción. --II.Objetivos. --III.Justificación. --IV.Planteamiento del problema. --V.Sistema de transporte público colectivo en la ciudad de Santa Marta. --VI.Condición actual del sistema de cobro en otras ciudades. --VII.Un nuevo sistema de cobro electrónico en servicio de transporte público en Santa Marta. --VIII.Implementar el sistema de tarjetas de pago en la ciudad, tarifas y costo del sistema. --IX.Resultados. --X.Conclusiones. --Referencias

The burden of mild asthma: Clinical burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the NOVELTY study

Background: Patients with mild asthma represent a substantial proportion of the population with asthma, yet there are limited data on their true burden of disease. We aimed to describe the clinical and healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) burden of physician-assessed mild asthma.Methods: Patients with mild asthma were included from the NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY (NOVELTY; NCT02760329), a global, 3-year, real-world prospective study of patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from community practice (specialised and primary care). Diagnosis and severity were based on physician discretion. Clinical burden included physician-reported exacerbations and patient-reported measures. HCRU included inpatient and outpatient visits.Results: Overall, 2004 patients with mild asthma were included; 22.8% experienced ≥1 exacerbation in the previous 12 months, of whom 72.3% experienced ≥1 severe exacerbation. Of 625 exacerbations reported, 48.0% lasted >1 week, 27.7% were preceded by symptomatic worsening lasting >3 days, and 50.1% required oral corticosteroid treatment. Health status was moderately impacted (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score: 23.5 [standard deviation ± 17.9]). At baseline, 29.7% of patients had asthma symptoms that were not well controlled or very poorly controlled (Asthma Control Test score <20), increasing to 55.6% for those with ≥2 exacerbations in the previous year. In terms of HCRU, at least one unscheduled ambulatory visit for exacerbations was required by 9.5% of patients, including 9.2% requiring ≥1 emergency department visit and 1.1% requiring ≥1 hospital admission.Conclusions: In this global sample representing community practice, a significant proportion of patients with physician-assessed mild asthma had considerable clinical burden and HCRU

Treatable traits in the NOVELTY study

CorrigendumVolume 27, Issue 12, Respirology, pages: 1095-1095. First Published online: November 6, 2022 10.1111/resp.14406International audienceAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent and complex diseases that require personalized management. Although a strategy based on treatable traits (TTs) has been proposed, the prevalence and relationship of TTs to the diagnostic label and disease severity established by the attending physician in a real-world setting are unknown. We assessed how the presence/absence of specific TTs relate to the diagnosis and severity of 'asthma', 'COPD' or 'asthma + COPD'

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care