The radial electric field as a measure for field penetration of resonant magnetic perturbations

In this paper we introduce a new indirect method for identifying the radial extent of the stochastic layer due to applying resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) in H-mode plasmas by measuring the spin-up of the plasma near the separatrix. This spin-up is a predicted consequence of enhanced electron loss, due to magnetic stochastization (Kaveeva et al 2008 Nucl. Fusion 48 075003). We find that in DIII-D H-mode plasmas with n = 3 RMPs applied for edge localized mode suppression, the stochastic layer is limited to the outer 5% region in normalized magnetic flux, Psi(N). This is in contrast to vacuum modelling predictions where this layer can penetrate up to 20% in Psi(N). Theoretical predictions of a stochastic radial electric field, Er component exceed the experimental measurements by about a factor 3 close to the separatrix, suggesting that the outer region of the plasma is weakly stochastic. Linear response calculations with M3D-C1, a resistive two-fluid model, show that in this outer 5% region, plasma response often reduces the resonant magnetic field components by 67% or more in comparison with vacuum calculations. These results for DIII-D are in reasonable agreement with results from the MAST tokamak, where the magnetic field perturbation from vacuum field calculations needed to be reduced by 75% for agreement with experimental measurements of the x-point lobe structure

Root causes and social consequences of birth injuries in Western Uganda

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138287/1/ijgo12257.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138287/2/ijgo12257_am.pd

Chebyshev approach to quantum systems coupled to a bath

We propose a new concept for the dynamics of a quantum bath, the Chebyshev space, and a new method based on this concept, the Chebyshev space method. The Chebyshev space is an abstract vector space that exactly represents the fermionic or bosonic bath degrees of freedom, without a discretization of the bath density of states. Relying on Chebyshev expansions the Chebyshev space representation of a bath has very favorable properties with respect to extremely precise and efficient calculations of groundstate properties, static and dynamical correlations, and time-evolution for a great variety of quantum systems. The aim of the present work is to introduce the Chebyshev space in detail and to demonstrate the capabilities of the Chebyshev space method. Although the central idea is derived in full generality the focus is on model systems coupled to fermionic baths. In particular we address quantum impurity problems, such as an impurity in a host or a bosonic impurity with a static barrier, and the motion of a wave packet on a chain coupled to leads. For the bosonic impurity, the phase transition from a delocalized electron to a localized polaron in arbitrary dimension is detected. For the wave packet on a chain, we show how the Chebyshev space method implements different boundary conditions, including transparent boundary conditions replacing infinite leads. Furthermore the self-consistent solution of the Holstein model in infinite dimension is calculated. With the examples we demonstrate how highly accurate results for system energies, correlation and spectral functions, and time-dependence of observables are obtained with modest computational effort.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Isolation and characterization of cidofovir resistant vaccinia viruses

© 2008 Becker et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

MAD-AIR

Forced air heating ard air corditioning duct systems in residential housing have been largely overlcoked in house diagnostics. Even the building is itself a part of the overall ir distribution system. When a duct system fails, it can have some serious effects on the home. Proper air flow within the corditioned space is as important as the air flow within the duct line. Failure of a duct system or even the closing of the interior dcors can create pressure differentials both within ard across the building envelope when the heating and air conditioning fan is in operation. These failures may cause increased energy usage, poor indoor air quality and even promote multiple moisture problems

Mechanical Air Distribution and Interacting Relationships

It has been determined from extensive testing conducted between May 1987 and May 1988, in the hot and humid climate of central Florida, that pressure differences within the envelope of residential housing exists. These can range from near neutral to pressures, either positive or negative, as great as 0.24" W.C. (60 pascals). Reasons sighted and discussed in this paper include duct system design, duct system failure, airtightness of the residence and human interactions. This testing further reveals that one of the largest driving forces in air change rates can be attributed to mechanically induced infiltration and exfiltration. Airtightness can also drastically affect this pressure difference within the envelope. In conclusion, the effects of these pressure differentials on energy consumption, indoor air quality, comfort, and degradation of building materials will be discussed. Possible solutions and practical field test protocol to correct these ill effects both in new and existing residential housing will be covered

Estimating spring terminus submarine melt rates at a greenlandic tidewater glacier using satellite imagery

Oceanic forcing of the Greenland Ice Sheet is believed to promote widespread thinning at tidewater glaciers, with submarine melting proposed as a potential trigger of increased glacier calving, retreat, and subsequent acceleration. The precise mechanism(s) driving glacier instability, however, remain poorly understood, and while increasing evidence points to the importance of submarine melting, estimates of melt rates are uncertain. Here we estimate submarine melt rate by examining freeboard changes in the seasonal ice tongue of Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS) at the head of Kangersuneq Fjord (KF), southwest Greenland. We calculate melt rates for March and May 2013 by differencing along-fjord surface elevation, derived from high-resolution TanDEM-X digital elevation models (DEMs), in combination with ice velocities derived from offset tracking applied to TerraSAR-X imagery. Estimated steady state melt rates reach up to 1.4 ± 0.5m d-1 near the glacier grounding line, with mean values of up to 0.8 ± 0.3 and 0.7 ± 0.3m d-1 for the eastern and western parts of the ice tongue, respectively. Melt rates decrease with distance from the ice front and vary across the fjord. This methodology reveals spatio-temporal variations in submarine melt rates (SMRs) at tidewater glaciers which develop floating termini, and can be used to improve our understanding of ice-ocean interactions and submarine melting in glacial fjords.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Observation of a multimode plasma response and its relationship to density pumpout and edge-localized mode suppression

Density pumpout and edge-localized mode (ELM) suppression by applied n=2 magnetic fields in low-collisionality DIII-D plasmas are shown to be correlated with the magnitude of the plasma response driven on the high-field side (HFS) of the magnetic axis but not the low-field side (LFS) midplane. These distinct responses are a direct measurement of a multimodal magnetic plasma response, with each structure preferentially excited by a different n=2 applied spectrum and preferentially detected on the LFS or HFS. Ideal and resistive magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) calculations find that the LFS measurement is primarily sensitive to the excitation of stable kink modes, while the HFS measurement is primarily sensitive to resonant currents (whether fully shielding or partially penetrated). The resonant currents are themselves strongly modified by kink excitation, with the optimal applied field pitch for pumpout and ELM suppression significantly differing from equilibrium field alignment.This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards No. DE-FC02-04ER54698, No. DE-AC02-09CH11466, No. DE-FG02-04ER54761, No. DE-AC05-06OR23100, No. DE-SC0001961, and No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. S. R. H. was supported by AINSE and ANSTO

Investigation of Cooling and Dehumidification Energy Use and Indoor Thermal Conditions in Polk County Schools Permanent Replacement Classroom Buildings

Increasing enrollment in grades K-12 coupled with the spiraling costs of construction has pushed school boards to develop more cost-effective classrooms, from the perspective of initial cost, longterm energy consumption, and ease of maintenance. To this end, the Florida's Polk County School Board has developed a four-quad permanent replacement classroom building. Each classroom is equipped with a package terminal heat pump (PTHP) with a thermostat control with a four-hour crank timer. The objective of this research was to compare the energy consumption and interior conditions of the autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) construction with an unvented roof assembly to that of the conventional metal framing and concrete panel buildings. Four buildings, 2 metal-framed and 2 AAC buildings with dehumidifiers were chosen for extensive testing and monitoring. The goal was to maintain a relative humidity of 50% as well as an interior temperature of 75oF

Field-dependent anisotropic magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect in epitaxial magnetite thin films

A systematic study of the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal and transverse resistivities of epitaxial thin films of magnetite (Fe3O4) is reported. The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) and the planar Hall effect (PHE) are sensitive to the in-plane orientation of current and magnetization with respect to crystal axes in a way consistent with the cubic symmetry of the system. We also show that the AMR exhibit sign reversal as a function of temperature, and that it shows significant field dependence without saturation up to 9 T. Our results provide a unified description of the anisotropic magnetoresistance effects in epitaxial magnetite films and illustrate the need for a full determination of the resistivity tensor in crystalline systems