10 research outputs found

    TWO COLEOPTEROUS PESTS OF PET FOOD IN PUERTO RICO (FAMILIES CUCUJIDAE AND TENEBRIONIDAE)

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    TWO COLEOPTEROUS PESTS OF PET FOOD IN PUERTO RICO (FAMILIES CUCUJIDAE AND TENEBRIONIDAE

    Producci贸n de leche y consumo de materia seca de vacas Holstein en lactaci贸n consumiendo dietas bajas en fibra en el tr贸pico

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    Three stargrass silage (SGS)-based diets formulated to contain 20, 26 and 32% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were compared as to their effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production. Twelve lactating Holstein cows averaging 110 days in milk were arranged in four replications of a 3 x 3 Latin Square design. Treatments did not affect DMI or DMI as percentage of body weight (BW); mean values for these parameters were 15.4 kg/cow/day and 3.06%, respectively. However, cows consuming 32% NDF diet had a tendency toward lower (8.6%) intake of organic matter (OM) as percentage of BW than cows on the 20% NDF diet. Intake of NDF as a percentage of BW increased (P < 0.01) linearly (0.62 to 0.93%) as dietary NDF concentration increased. Milk production averaged 21.0 kg/cow/day and was not affected by dietary treatment. Reducing dietary NDF from 32 to 20% resulted in a reduction (P < 0.01) in milk fat from 3.09 to 2.66%.This reduction resulted in a 1.3 kg/cow/day increase (P < 0.05) in 3.25% fat-corrected milk (3.25% FCM) as the percentage of dietary NDF increased. Gross efficiency of energy (NEL) use for milk production and 3.25% FCM increased linearly with dietary NDF by 9.7 and 17.3%, respectively. Results point out that for mid-lactation cows at the observed level of production, diets lower than 32% NDF will not result in higher DMI and milk production, and will be less efficient in the use of energy for milk production.Se compararon tres dietas basadas en ensilaje de yerba estrella formuladas para contener 20, 26 y 32% de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) para evaluar su efecto sobre el potencial de consumo de materia seca (MS) y producci贸n de leche de vacas Holstein a media lactancia (110 d铆as). Las vacas se asignaron a tratamientos de acuerdo con un dise帽o de cuadrados latinos de 3 x 3, replicado cuatro veces. Los tratamientos no tuvieron efecto sobre el consumo de MS y MS a base del porcentaje de peso vivo (PV) de la vaca; los promedios generales fueron 15.4 kg/vaca/d铆a y 3.06% del PV, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las vacas que consumieron la dieta con 32% FDN exhibieron una tendencia a un menor (8.6%) consumo de materia org谩nica (MO) como porcentaje del PV comparado con la dieta con 20% FDN. El consumo de FDN como un porcentaje del PV aument贸 (P < 0.01) linealmente de 0.62 a 0.93% seg煤n aument贸 la concentraci贸n de FDN. El promedio de producci贸n de leche fue 21.0 kg/vaca/d铆a y 茅ste no se afect贸 por los tratamientos. La reducci贸n de 32 a 20% en la concentraci贸n de FDN result贸 en una reducci贸n (P < 0.01) en la concentraci贸n de grasa l谩ctea de 3.09 a 2.66%. Como resultado hubo un aumento de 1.3 kg/vaca/d铆a en la producci贸n de leche corregida al 3.25% de grasa, seg煤n aument贸 el FDN de 20 a 32%. Al aumentar la concentraci贸n de FDN de 20 a 32% la eficiencia de la utilizaci贸n de la energ铆a (NEL) para la producci贸n de leche y leche corregida al 3.25% de grasa se increment贸 en un 9.7% (P < 0.05) y 17.3% (P < 0.01), respectivamente. Seg煤n los resultados de este estudio a los niveles de producci贸n observados, las dietas con menos de 32% de FDN no tendr谩n un efecto sobre el consumo de MS ni sobre la producci贸n de leche integra, a煤n cuando estas dietas resultan en un mayor consumo de energ铆a. Adem谩s, estas dietas son menos eficientes en el uso de energ铆a para la producci贸n de leche

    Psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale

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    AbstractThe Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) is a self-report instrument measuring marital satisfaction, which has been widely used in different cultures. In Spain, there are to date no studies analysing the psychometric properties of the scale in functional and dysfunctional couples, nor performing independent factor analysis of men and women's data. The objective of this study is to determine some psychometric properties of a Spanish DAS version on a sample of 915 participants: 403 who requested couple therapy, and 512 who did not request therapy. Results support the reliability of the instrument for both subsamples. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a four-factor internal structure that corresponds to the one proposed by the author of the original scale. Furthermore, the Spanish DAS has high discriminant power between both subsamples, and presents as a valid and reliable instrument to measure marital quality in Spanish couples who request couple therapy and those who do not request it.ResumenLa Escala de Ajuste Di谩dico (EAD) es una escala de autoinforme de satisfacci贸n conyugal que ha sido ampliamente utilizada en distintas culturas. En Espa帽a no existen en la actualidad estudios que analicen las propiedades psicom茅tricas de la escala en parejas con y sin malestar ni que realicen an谩lisis factoriales independientes de los datos de hombres y mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar algunas propiedades psicom茅tricas de una versi贸n espa帽ola de la EAD en una muestra de 915 participantes: 403 que buscaban terapia de pareja y 512 que no requer铆an terapia. Los resultados respaldan la fiabilidad del instrumento para ambas submuestras. El an谩lisis factorial confirmatorio mostr贸 una estructura interna de cuatro factores que se corresponde con la propuesta por el autor de la escala original. Adem谩s, la versi贸n espa帽ola de la EAD ofrece una alta capacidad discriminante entre ambos subgrupos, constituyendo un instrumento v谩lido y fiable para medir la satisfacci贸n conyugal en parejas espa帽olas que buscan terapia y en aquellas que no la requieren

    Subproductos vegetales como fuente de fibra para vacas lactantes consumiendo dietas bajas en forraje.

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    The effectiveness of the fiber in whole cottonseed (WCS), wheat midds (WM), and rice bran was evaluated in Holstein cows in early lactation (30 to 50 days) fed mixed rations, low in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. Treatments evaluated were: (T1) control, a diet formulated to 25% NDF with 19% NDF from chopped hay (NDFH); (T2) a diet formulated to 35% NDF containing 19% NDFH with the additional 10% NDF provided by a mixture of the three by-product feeds in the concentrate; and (T3) a diet formulated to 25% NDF with 10% NDFH and the remainder provided in the concentrate from by-product feeds. All cows were fed 6% of the total DM as alfalfa hay and pang贸la grass hay to meet NDFH targets. Treatment differences in DM intake (18.3 kg/d), DM intake as a percentage of body weight (3.22%), milk production (32.7 kg/d), and milk protein concentration (2.65%) were not significant (P > 0.05). Reducing the NDFH to 10% resulted in a 15% (P < 0.01) relative reduction in milk fat concentration that was not prevented by restoring the NDF level with the mixture of WCS, WM, and rice bran. Despite the fact that cows consumed more energy for milk production (NEL) from T3, the energetic efficiency of milk production (Mcal-milk/Mcal-feed) was about 15% higher (P < 0.01) when the cows consumed 19% NDFH (T1 and T2). Fiber from by-product feeds was ineffective in maintaining milk fat concentration above 3.0% and did not result in improvement in milk production or efficiency of milk production. Thus, the NDF in the mixture of by-product feeds had no ruminally effective fiber value under the conditions of this experiment.Se evalu贸 la efectividad de la fibra en la semilla de algod贸n entera (SA), salvado de trigo (ST) y la cascarilla de arroz en vacas Holstein en lactancia temprana (30 a 50 d铆as) recibiendo dietas mezcladas bajas en fibra detergente neutra (FDN). Los tratamientos experimentales evaluados fueron (T1) control, dieta formulada para 25% FDN con 19% FDN provisto por heno picado (FDNH); (T2) dieta formulada para 35% FDN con 19% FDNH y el exceso de FDN provisto por la mezcla de SA, AT, y cascarilla de arroz en el concentrado; (T3) dieta formulada para 25% FDN con 10% FDNH y el remanente provisto por la mezcla de los tres subproductos en el concentrado. Todas las vacas se alimentaron con heno de alfalfa al 6% del consumo total de MS y con heno de yerba pang贸la hasta alcanzar el FDNH deseado. Las diferencias entre los tratamientos no fueron estad铆sticamente significativas (P > 0.05) para consumo de MS (18.3 kg/d), consumo a base de peso vivo (3.22%), producci贸n de leche (32.7 kg/d) y concentraci贸n de prote铆na l谩ctea (2.65%). El reducir la concentraci贸n de FDNH a 10% (T3) result贸 en una reducci贸n relativa en la concentraci贸n de grasa l谩ctea de un 15% (P < 0.01) comparado a la alimentaci贸n con 19% FDNH (T1 yT2). A煤n cuando la dieta T3 result贸 en un mayor consumo de energ铆a para la producci贸n de leche (NEL), la eficiencia energ茅tica en la producci贸n de leche (Mcal-leche/Mcal-alimento) result贸 aproximadamente 15% menor que al consumir las dietas con 19% FDNH (T1 yT2). La fibra adicional en la mezcla de subproductos en el concentrado (T2) no fue efectiva en promover o en aumentar la grasa l谩ctea y tampoco pudo evitar una reducci贸n en la grasa por debajo de 3.0% cuando se redujo la FDNH (T3). Por consiguiente, la FDN en la mezcla de subproductos no demostr贸 ser de efectividad ruminal bajo las condiciones de este experimento

    Utilizaci贸n de cloruro por forrajeras tropicales en dos suelos de Puerto Rico.

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    An experiment was conducted on two dairy farms in Puerto Rico (Gurabo and Cidra) from September 1998 to July 1999 with the objective of quantifying chloride (Cl-) concentrations and uptake in grazed forage, Aif plots were fertilized with the equivalent amount of 330,110, and 220 kg/ha/yr (N, P205, K20) and the treatments consisted of four Cl-聽levels (0, 82,164, and 328 kg/ha/yr) split in four applications. Forage was harvested every 28 days during the seven-month experiment. Plant Cl-聽concentrations were determined by means of a potentiometric titration in the laboratory. Yields (fresh and dry weight) were not significantly affected by Cl-聽levels, which suggests that background soil concentrations were sufficiently high so as not to limit plant growth. Mean monthly Cl-聽concentrations in forage tissue were significantly affected by Cl-聽levels, increasing from 0.79 to 0.82% in Cidra and from 0.68 to 0.96% in Gurabo. Cumulative Cl-聽uptake by forage in the sevenmonth study period for the highest Cl-聽treatment was 124 and 161 kg/ha in Cidra and Gurabo, respectively. Our data suggest that excess Cl-聽in milk does not necessarily originate from Cl-containing fertilizer. Estimated CI consumption by dairy cows consuming tropical forages and concentrate is higher than that suggested by the U.S. National Research Council.Se realiz贸 un experimento en dos suelos de dos vaquer铆as (Gurabo y Cidra) desde septiembre de 1998 a julio de 1999 con el objetivo de cuantificar las concentraciones y utilizaci贸n de cloruro (Cl-) en forraje utilizado para pastoreo. Todas las parcelas recibieron el equivalente de 330, 110, and 220 kg/ha/a帽o (N, P205, K20, respectivamente) y los tratamientos consistieron en la aplicaci贸n de cuatro niveles de Cl- (0, 82,164, y 328 kg/ha/a帽o) divididos en cuatro aplicaciones. El forraje se cort贸 cada 28 d铆as, durante siete meses. El contenido de Cl- en tejido seco se determin贸 por medio de una titulaci贸n potenciom茅trica en el laboratorio. Los rendimientos (materia seca y materia fresca) no se afectaron significativamente con las aplicaciones de Cl-, lo cual sugiere que las concentraciones del suelo eran lo suficientemente altas como para no ser limitantes al crecimiento vegetativo. Las concentraciones promedio mensuales de Cl- en el tejido de forraje se afectaron significativamente con los niveles de Cl aplicados, aumentado desde 0.79 a 0.82% en Cidra y desde 0.68 a 0.96% en Gurabo. Las cantidades totales de Cl- extra铆das por el forraje en un per铆odo de siete meses para el tratamiento con el nivel m谩ximo fueron de 124 y 161 kg/ha en Cidra y Gurabo, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que fertilizantes que contienen muriato no necesariamente causan el exceso de Cl- en leche detectado en algunos hatos lecheros. Estimados de consumo realizados demuestran que el consumo diario de Cl- por el ganado vacuno lechero local es mayor que los valores nutritivos recomendados por el "National Research Council" de los E.

    The Impact of Persisting Hyperactivity on Social Relationships:A Community-Based, Controlled 20-Year Follow-Up Study

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    Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether persisting hyperactivity into adulthood was associated with impaired family, friendship, and partner relationships or poor coping skills in everyday life. Method: A 20-year community-based follow-up of 6- to 7-year-old boys showing pervasive hyperactivity (n = 40) and unaffected controls (n = 25) was conducted. At age 27 years, participants were assessed with detailed interview techniques as well as selfreport ratings. Results: ADHD in adulthood was associated with problems in intimate relationships and negotiation skills. Antisocial behavior did not influence the association, but remitting childhood hyperactivity was not associated with social relationship difficulties in adulthood. Conclusion: In an untreated, community-based sample of hyperactive children, the risk for unsatisfactory social relationships is largely confined to those patients who still show ADHD in adulthood. The majority of patients who experience childhood hyperactivity have positive social relationships in adulthood. (J. of Att. Dis. 2014; 18(1) 52-60

    Un alimento suplementario de SynerMax庐 y melaza para vacas lactantes en semiconfinamiento

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    Eighteen Holstein cows of approximately 550 kg mean live weight (LW), and 57 卤 24 days in milk at the start, were divided into six groups of three each for use in a single-reversal design, with two 5-wk experimental periods, to compare two treatments: T1, including a liquid feed (85% SynerMax5:15% cane molasses) offered in lick-wheel tanks to three groups between 7:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. (1.7-kg daily intake), plus a concentrate of solid ingredients (theoretically 1.8 Meal NEL/kg, 16% crude protein) fed individually according to milk yield, a small offering of grass hay (<3 kg consumed daily), and rotational grazing at night in four paddocks on mixed tropical grasses; T2, as in T1 but without liquid feed, rather including a larger concentrate allowance (10.5- vs. 11.6-kg intake). Mean results obtained with TI and T2, respectively: daily milk yield, 22.45 vs. 22.55 kg; milk fat percentage, 3.03 vs. 2.94; milk protein percentage, 2.68 vs. 2.76 (P < 0.01). Intakes of dry matter (DM) from high-energy supplements (solid concentrate plus liquid feed) were 10.2 vs. 10.3 kg, respectively. Daily DM intake from grazed forage by cows of both treatments in common pastures was estimated by a disk-drop method as 9.31 卤 2.68 kg. It is concluded that the liquid feed, when constituting 4 or 5% of total dietary DM, had a feeding value equal to that of the solid concentrate on a DM basis, but no synergistic effect was substantiated.聽Se usaron 18 vacas Holstein de peso vivo medio aproximado de 550 kg y 57 卤 24 d铆as postparto al comienzo, divididas entre seis grupos de tres animales, en un dise帽o de reversi贸n sencilla con dos per铆odos experimentales de cinco semanas. Se compararon dos tratamientos: T1, un alimento l铆quido (85% SynerMax: 15% melaza de ca帽a) ofrecido en tanques con ruedas de lameo a tres grupos entre las 7:00 am y 2:00 pm (1.7 kg de consumo diario), adem谩s de un concentrado basado en ingredientes s贸lidos (te贸ricamente 1.8 Mea I ENL/kg, 16% prote铆na bruta) suplido individualmente seg煤n la producci贸n de leche, un peque帽o aporte de heno de gram铆neas (<3 kg/d铆a consumidos) y pastoreo nocturno rotacional en cuatro predios con gram铆neas tropicales mezcladas; T2, igual a T1 pero sin alimento l铆quido, e incluyendo una mayor asignaci贸n de concentrado (10.5 vs. 11.6 kg consumidos). Los resultados medios obtenidos conT1 yT2 fueron, respectivamente: leche diaria, 22.45 vs. 22.55 kg; porcentaje de grasa, 3.03 vs. 2.94 y de prote铆na en la leche, 2.68 vs. 2.76 (P < 0.01). El consumo de materia seca (MS) procedente de suplementos de alta concentraci贸n energ茅tica (s贸lido m谩s l铆quido) fue 10.2 vs. 10.3 kg. El consumo diario de MS en forraje pastoreado por las vacas de ambos tratamientos en predios comunes fue estimado por un m茅todo de ca铆da de disco en 9.31 卤 2.68 kg. Se concluye que el alimento l铆quido, al constituir unos 4 a 5% de la MS diet茅tica total, tuvo un valor alimentario igual al concentrado en base seca, pero no se comprob贸 un efecto sinerg茅tico

    PLASMA SELENIUM AND COPPER IN DAIRY CATTLE FROM DAIRIES THROUGHOUT PUERTO RICO

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    PLASMA SELENIUM AND COPPER IN DAIRY CATTLE FROM DAIRIES THROUGHOUT PUERTO RIC
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