Histological Study of gonads in Euryglossa orientalis from Persian Gulf

Among more than 600 fish species in Persian Gulf, Soles are considered as one of the most economically important species. These fish is different from other fishes in morphological, functional and structural organs and like many other flatfish are less well known. The present study was designed to investigate the histological structure of gonads of Sole (Euryglossa orientalis) in two breeding and rest seasons. 40 Sole fish were collected from Zangi estuary (located in Mussa creek in the north of Persian Gulf) in early July and early October (non- breeding and breeding seasons) 2013. After biometry, gonadal tissues were dissected and weighed to determine Gonadosomatic Index (GSI). Then fixed in Bouin’s solution. Histological specimens were transported to the histological laboratory. Tissue sections were prepared according to conventional methods include dehydration, clearing and paraffin. And then were cut down to 5 micron sections and stained. These tissue sections were studied by light microscopy. The result showed that different stages of germ cells in both male and female gonads. Although in breeding season mature cells were noticed, GSI index of testis and ovary in Sole showed significant difference between the two seasons

Effects of bis-phenol A (BPA) on cellular and molecular levels of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)

Today, Bisphenol A is an industrial important chemical that is abundantly used as a primary raw material for the production of plastics and resin. BPA reaches the aquatic environment mainly through urban and industrial sewage effluents; thereby posing a potential threat to the organisms living in these ecosystems. In this study, effects of BPA onerythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) stimulus (MN Test) and liver DNA integrity (DNA Unwinding Assay), in male yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were investigated. For this reason, fish received intraperitoneal injections during a period of 2 weeks with 10, 50, 100 and 150 µg g^-1 week^-1 of BPA dissolved in coconut oil. Solventcontrols received the coconut oil whereas controls were not injected. The fish were sampled on day 0, 7 and 14. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of BPA presented in blood, the erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency in yellowfinseabrem was determined. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in fish micronuclei frequency after the treatment with bisphenol A in comparison to the control groups and in dose dependent manner. In addition, the rate of liver DNA integrity was tested using the DNA alkaline unwinding assay. Results showed a decrease in the rate of liver DNAintegrityin treated fishes after 7 and 14 days of BPA exposure in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, results of the current project indicated that BPA has highgenotoxic and/orcytogenotoxic potential.It could be concluded that Micronucleus test and DNA strand breaks can be used as sensitive cellular and molecular indicators of exposure to genotoxic BPA

A study on some microbial indices and nutrient matters in the southern part of Caspian Sea; Guilan province

The microbial pollutions and nutrient matters of the southern part of Caspian Sea is to be under close scrutiny as it is vital to tourist health and environmental conservation. In this research, some physico-chemical factors, nutrient matters, oxygen demand parameters and microbial indices were investigated. Sampling from nine sites along Astara to Chaboksar coastline were conducted with five replicates. The mean of temperature, Salinity, pH, phosphate, and nitrate, FC, TC, BOD5 and COD were respectively obtained as 22.48°C, 8.5ppt, 8.27, 0.43mg/l, 2.21mg/l, 144MPN/100ml, 626.9MPN/100ml, 3.58mg/l and 9.43 mg/l. Maximum levels of nutrient matters were measured at Anzali and Kiyashahr sites. Results showed there are positive correlations between nutrient matters as well as COD with microbial indices. The average of microbial indices at nine sampling sites were higher than the permissible level of national and international organizations for swimming places. Due to high level of microbial pollution at Anzali and Chobar sampling sites, the swimming places of these areas require specific administration

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic and flavonoid content of macro algae in the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf in Bushehr province

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of hydroalchoholic extractions of three species of green, brown and red algae. The highest and the lowest total phenol contents was in L. snyderia (113/9±0/69 mg gallic acid per gram of extract) and the green algae E. intestinalis (72/36±6/05 mg gallic acid per gram of extract) respectively. The highest values of total flavonoid was founded in the red algae L. snyderia (41/05±1/95 mg Rutin per gram of extract) however, the lowest values was (12/7±0/41 mg Rutin per gram of extract) in the brown alga C. trinodis. L. snyderia showed the most antioxidant activity, and C. trinodis had lowest amounts of antioxidant potential by the radical, azinobis ethylen benz thiazoline sulphonic acid (ABTS) test. There were significant differences between anti-oxidant activities of algae according the ABTS test

Biodiversity of macroscopic brown algae coastal area of Bushehr Province

The aim of this study was distinguish of biodiversity and abundance of brown algae in the coastal zone of the Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf during warm and cold seasons. The most and lowest density of brown algae was observed in the spring (33±20 Number in m^2) and in the autumn (17± 9Number in m^2), respectively. The highest density was belong to Cystoserriamyricawith (41±25 Number in m^2) and it also was dominant species among the six identified species of brown algae. The comparison result of diversity indices in different zone showed that the most amuont of Margalef index (0/438), and dominance and low diversity using primer software observed in within the mid tidal zone. The maximum value of the Shannon index (0/94) was belonged to the low and mid litoral zone. Seasonal comparison of diversity indices showed, the Most of species richness and dominance was revealed at autumn and highest indices of Shannon (0/76) was observed at spring. Totally, Species richness was the highest and lowest in the Nuclear power Plant and Ganaveh stations in two seasons respectively

Comparisons of anti-radical and antibacterial potential among macro algae from northern coasts of the Persian Gulf

The purpose of study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial activities of three species of green, brown and red algae from northern coast of the Persian Gulf, The study was performed using DPPH, FRAP, PMD and RP tests for anti-oxidant capability and disk diffusion and plate methods of ethanol extraction for anti-bacterial ability. In the current investigation, The best anti-oxidant activity and inhibition potential of DPPH free radicals and RP were shown in ethanol extract of Entromorpha intestinalis green algae and lowest values was detected in Cystoseira myrica brown algae.The highest anti-oxidant activity was measured by FRAP test in green algae E. intestinalis and the lowest anti-oxidant activity was obtained in the red algaeGracilaria corticata.The highest anti-oxidant activity with PMD test was found in the red algae G. corticata. However, anti-oxidant activity of the green algae E. Intestinalis was shown high activity with DPPH, FRAP, RP tests. Hydro-alcohol extraction of sea weed did not show any anti-bacterial properties

Study of morphology and density of Diogenes sp. (Anomura: Diogenidae) in Bahmanshir Estuary (NW Persian Gulf)

Taxonomic studies on the Anomura larvae of the Persian Gulf are relatively few. This research has been done on larval stage of Diogenes sp. (Anomura: Diogenidae) on coastal waters of Bahmanshir River. Anomura is a group of decapod crustaceans, including hermit crabsthat are cosmopolitan and could be found from coastal waters to 5000 m in depth. The larval stages differ among families of Anomura. Anomura larval samples collected by plankton net (mesh size of 300 µm) from seven stations in February 2011 to October 2012. Planktonic larval were sampled from the Bahmanshir River in north of the Persian Gulf. The larval stages illustrated and described in detail for Diogenes sp. Finally Diogenes sp. were identified and their schematic figures were made using Camera Lucida. Maximum value of the average abundance of larvae (12.3±3.4 ind.m^3) was recorded in May. Also positive relationship between salinity with frequency of Diogenes sp. were found significantly using spearman correlation coefficients (P<0.05)

Introducing the best cell culture method for primary hepatocyte from orangespotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Liver is one of the most important organs in vertebrates that have important roles in detoxifying. This organ was used as a target organ in many physiological and toxicological aspects. The main purpose of the present study was developing appropriate methodology for the primary cultivation of hepatic cells from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, a subtropical fish species of the family Serranidae. In present study, hepatocytes were isolated from five grouper individuals. Initially, the fish wiped with 70% ethanol. Liver were removed and cut into small pieces with scissors and hepatocytes were disconnected using different enzymatic digestion with collagenase (Type 1 and 4) and trypsin and additional nutrient materials in culturing mediums. Then, cells were cultured for 2 weeks in Lebowitz L-15 under 3 methods: 1. using enzymatic digestion by trypsin, 2. using enzymatic digestion by collagenase (type 1 and 4) and 3. Using nutrients and additives was cultured. Finally, effects of different incubation temperature (20, 25, 28, 30 and 32 degree of Celsius) and Bovine serum content (0, 10 and 20% and 20%+ITS) on cell growth were estimated. According to the results, digestion by collagenase type 4, resulted in more cell colonization and growth in comparison with other methods. At the same method, cells showed fibroblastic morphology. In conclusion, the best culture method for primary hepatocyte from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, was using ITS+20%FBS under 30 degree of Celsius incubation temperature