Goal Content for the practice of physical activity and the impact on subjective well-being in older adults

The main goal of this study consisted in an analysis of the impact that the goal content that leads to the practice of physical activity in the elderly population can play on the variables that constitute subjective well-being, as well as to analyze the differences in these variables’ levels according to the amount of physical activity practiced. A total of 300 individuals participated in this study (n=300), including 238 females and 62 males, aged between 60 and 90 years old (M = 68.59; DP = 6.54), who practice differing levels of physical activity. The results enable us to conclude that the goal content for the practice of physical activity has positive effects on the perception of satisfaction with life and on affect. To the same extent, they verify that health is the motivation that has the greatest weight on the practice of physical activity. We also concluded that elderly people who practice more physical activity perceive higher levels of satisfaction with life and positive affect, and lower levels of negative affectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reasons for dropout in swimmers, differences between gender and age and intentions to return to competition

BACKGROUND: This study’s main purpose was to analyze reasons for dropout in competitive swimmers and differences between gender and age groups. The influence of dropout on swimmers intentions to return to competition, invariance across gender and validation of Questionnaire of Reasons for Attrition were also analyzed. METHODS: Study 1 – 366 athletes participated (N.=366; mean age 15.96, SD 5.99) and the data gathered was used for the exploratory analysis, and data gathered on 1008 athletes were used for the confirmatory analysis and the structural equations (N.=1008; mean age 16.26, SD 6.12); Study 2: 1008 athletes participated (N.=1008; mean age 16.26, SD 6.12) on the descriptive and inferential analysis of the reasons behind the practice dropout. The Questionnaire of Reasons Attrition was used in both studies to assess the reasons associated with the practice dropout. RESULTS: In study 1, the results showed an acceptable fit of the measurement model and invariance across gender and also predictive validity regarding swimmers intentions to return to competition (e.g., demands/pressure” negatively predict intentions). In study 2, the main results showed that the most significant reason for dropout in both genders and all age groups was “dissatisfaction/other priorities”; the study also showed there to be differences between gender and age groups (e.g., female and younger athletes valued “demands/ pressure “more). CONCLUSIONS: This study offers useful guidelines for the training process and to support decisions on sports politics to be implemented to overcome the dropout rate. However, it is important to broaden the evidence to other sports and implement programs on identified priority areas based on longitudinal perspectives.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Motivação intrínseca para a prática de atividade física e bem-estar psicológico em indivíduos idosos

O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a relação existente entre a motivação intrínseca para a prática de atividade física e a relação desta última com alguns indicadores de bem-estar psicológico (i.e., nível da satisfação com a vida, autoestima e vitalidade) numa população idosa. Por outro lado pretendemos também analisar de se os praticantes de outro tipo de atividade física fora do programa revelam uma regulação motivacional mais intrínseca e se, simultaneamente, apresentam valores mais altos de satisfação com a vida, autoestima e vitalidade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The multistage 20-m Shuttle Run Test for predicting VO2Peak in 6–9-year-old children: a comparison with VO2Peak predictive equations

This study aimed (i) to verify if using and carrying a portable gas analyzer (PGA) con strained the performance of school children on the multistage 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT), (ii) to verify which peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) predictive equations have greater agreement with VO2peak values measured by direct oximetry using the 20mSRT. The study participants were 130 children ((67 boys (age 7.76 ± 0.97 years) and 63 girls (age 7.59 ± 0.91 years)), who performed two randomized trials of the 20mSRT with and without a PGA. Twenty-two predictive equations predicted the VO2peak values through the performance of the test with and without a PGA. Without a PGA, lower values of maximal speed (MS), total laps (TL), and total time (TT) were found for girls than for boys with a PGA. Only six equations were considered to correctly predict VO2peak. In general, higher MS, TL, and TT values were found with the use of a PGA. The predicted VO2peak values from the 20mSRT varied significantly among the published predictive equations. Therefore, we suggest that the six equations that presented satisfactory accuracy could be practically used to examine cardiorespiratory fitness in schools and in research with large populations when direct measurement of VO2peak is not feasible.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Behavioral Regulation Sport Questionnaire: Gender and Sport Invariance in Portuguese Athletes

Versão depositada: post-printThis study aimed to analyze measurement invariance of the Behavioral Regulation Sports Questionnaire (BRSQ) across the gender and four different sports. In addition, we examined nomological validity via basic psychological needs satisfaction. Participants totaled 1,812 Portuguese athletes (1,220 males and 592 females; aged 15–59 years, Mage ¼ 17.72, SD ¼ 5.51) from football (n ¼ 596), basketball (n ¼ 273), swimming (n ¼ 800), and parasport (n ¼ 143). The BRSQ measurement model was invariant across the gender and these four sports. The scale confirmed nomological validity in that satisfaction of the basic psychological needs positively predicted autonomous forms of motivation and negatively predicted more controlled motivation and amotivation as suggested by self-determination theory. In light of this evidence for BRSQ construct validity, composite reliability, nomological validity, and invariance across the gender and four different sports, this scale is a useful tool for the coaches of the aforementioned sports in their efforts to evaluate their athletes’ motivation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clima motivacional, necessidades psicológicas básicas e perceção de esforço no futebol

O principal objetivo deste estudo foi testar a integração de dois modelos teóricos motivacionais (teoria da autodeterminação e a teoria dos objetivos de realização), com o intuito de analisar o impacto do clima motivacional nas necessidades psicológicas básicas e na perceção de esforço dos atletas. Participaram neste estudo 460 atletas (n = 460), da modalidade de futebol, todos do género masculino, do nível distrital e nacional, das categorias de iniciados, juvenis, juniores e seniores, com uma média de idades de 17,42 (SD=4,37) anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, nomeadamente, a análise de equações estruturais. Os resultados encontrados suportam a adequação do modelo (S-Bχ² = 171.79; df = 100; p =0.000; S-Bχ²/df = 1.71; SRMR =0.053; TLI = 0.930; CFI = 0.942; RMSEA = 0.042; 90%IC RMSEA = 0.029-0.049), evidenciando que um clima motivacional orientado para a tarefa tem um efeito positivo significativo sobre as necessidades psicológicas básicas, por outro lado, um clima motivacional orientado para o ego tem um efeito positivo mas não significativo sobre as necessidades psicológicas básicas. Por sua vez, as necessidades psicológicas básicas apresentam um efeito positivo e significativo sobre a perceção de esforço dos atletas.The main purpose of this study was to test the integration of two theoretical models of motivation (self-determination theory and the theory of achievement) in order to analyze the impact of motivational climate in the basic psychological needs and lack of effort of the athletes. 460 athletes participated in this study (n = 460), football mode, all of the male gender, district and national level, of the categories of insiders, juveniles, juniors and seniors, with a mean age of 17.42 (SD = 4.37) years. Data analysis was performed by means of multivariate statistical techniques, in particular, the analysis of structural equations. The results support the appropriateness of the model (S-B χ ² = 171.79; df = 100; p = 0.000; S-B χ ²/df = 1.71; SRMR = 0.053; TLI = 0.930; CFI = 0.942; RMSEA = 0.042; RMSEA 90% CI = 0.029-0.049), showing that a motivational task-oriented climate has a significant positive effect on the basic psychological needs, on the other hand, an ego-driven motivational climate has a positive effect but not significant on the basic psychological needs. In turn, the basic psychological needs have a positive and significant effect on lack of effort of the athletes

Motivational determinants of physical education grades and the intention to practice sport in the future

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) is amongst motivational frameworks the most popular and contemporary approach to human motivation, being applied in the last decades in several domains, including sport, exercise and physical education (PE). Additionally, Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) has presented evidence of how contextual factors may influence student's behavior in this particular context. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the motivational climate created by the teacher in the classroom, students' satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN), and how their behavioral regulation could explain PE grades and intention to practice sports in the future.Funding: This project was supported by the National Funds through FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/ DTP/04045/2013) – and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) allocated by European Union through the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145FEDER-006969) – Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Indicadores antropométricos, aptidão funcional e bem-estar subjetivos dos idosos praticantes de exercício físico

Com o presente estudo pretendeu-se analisar a influência dos indicadores antropométricos e de aptidão física/equilíbrio no bem-estar subjetivo dos idosos, nomeadamente, na vitalidade subjetiva, satisfação com a vida e autoestima global. Tomando em consideração a revisão da literatura e o problema levantado, colocamos a seguinte hipótese: os indicadores de bem-estar subjetivo dos idosos (vitalidade subjetiva, satisfação com a vida e autoestima global) são diferenciados em função dos seus indicadores antropométricos e de aptidão física/equilíbrio.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) Portuguese-Version: Evidence of Reliability, Validity and Invariance Across Gender

This study has as prime objective to analyze the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) in a sample of Portuguese exercisers and invariance across gender. Two independent samples (448 calibration; 374 validation), aged between 16 and 78 years (M = 40.29; SD = 16.24), of both gender, (495 female; 327 male) were enrolled in this study. The results show that the original model (six factors; 24 items) did not fit to the data in a satisfactory way (χ 2 = 977.49; df = 237; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.07; NNFI = 0.80; CFI = 0.83; RMSEA = 0.08; 90% CI = 0.08–0.09). After removing six items (one for each factor), the model (six factors; 18 items) adjustment improved in a satisfactory way in both samples: calibration (χ 2 = 331.86; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.06; NNFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI 0.06–0.07) and validation (χ 2 = 254.08; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.04; NNFI = 0.93; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI = 0.05–0.06). Results also showed model invariance across gender (1CFI ≤ 0.01). The Portuguese version of BREQ-3 (six factors; 18 items) is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to measure behavior regulation underlying self-determination theory in the exercise domain. However, the evidence also indicated that additional studies are needed to address the fragilities of the original model (six factors; 24 items).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prática de atividade física e seus efeitos sobre a saúde mental em pacientes diagnosticados com depressão

A prática de atividade física (AF) é hoje em dia reconhecida pelos benefícios que têm tanto físicos como psicológicos (Asztalos, De Bourdeaudhuij & Cardon, 2009). As linhas orientadoras existentes para a prática de AF na população dita “normal” sugerem que, de forma a promover e manter a saúde, todos os indivíduos, com idades entre os 18 e 65 anos, deveriam praticar exercício aeróbio de moderada intensidade num mínimo de 30 minutos nos 5 dias da semana, ou então exercício aeróbio vigoroso num mínimo de 20 minutos, 3 vezes por semana (Haskell et al., 2007). No entanto, quando falamos das linhas orientadoras para a promoção da saúde mental, estas sugerem que os indivíduos deveriam acumular em cada semana um mínimo de 150 minutos de atividade física com intensidade moderada ou um mínimo de 75 minutos de atividade física com intensidade elevada, em períodos de pelo menos 25 minutos, durante 3 a 5 dias por semana (Otto & Smits, 2009). Existe assim uma forte evidência que define uma relação positiva entre a atividade física e a saúde mental, tanto em populações clínicas como em populações gerais. Os resultados obtidos nas pesquisas realizadas mostram-nos que a atividade física reduz a depressão, ansiedade, melhora o sono, melhora o estado de humor, aumenta a autoestima, melhora a auto perceção física, aumenta a qualidade de vida, reduz e previne o stress, aumenta a vitalidade, o bem-estar geral e a satisfação com a sua aparência física (Asztalos, De Bourdeaudhuij et al., 2009; Peluso & Guerra de Andrade, 2005).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio