Η επίδραση της καπνιστικής συνήθειας στον ύπνο

Εισαγωγή: Το κάπνισμα, συχνά αναφερόμενο και ως καπνιστική συνήθεια, στην πραγματικότητα αποτελεί χρόνια νόσο εξάρτησης από τη νικοτίνη. Η νικοτίνη είναι και η κύρια εξαρτησιογόνος ουσία του καπνού. Η μελέτη της επίδρασής της στον ύπνο συμβάλει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση των διαταραχών του ύπνου στους καπνιστές, των μηχανισμών εξάρτησης και της διαδικασίας διακοπής του καπνίσματος. Σκοπός :Η ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας για την επίδραση της νικοτίνης στη λειτουργία του ύπνου στους ενεργούς καπνιστές, κατά την προσπάθεια διακοπής και η συσχέτισή της με το σύνδρομο αιφνίδιου βρεφικού θανάτου. Υλικό και μέθοδος : Η βιβλιογραφία αφορά μελέτες που συγκεντρώθηκαν μετά από αναζήτηση στο Pubmed, σε δημοσιεύσεις από το 1990 έως το 2018 αλλά και παλαιότερες όπου κρίθηκε απαραίτητο. Αποτελέσματα: Οι ενεργοί καπνιστές στατιστικά αναφέρουν χειρότερη ποιότητα ύπνου, με αλλαγές και στην αρχιτεκτονική του. Κατά τη διακοπή του καπνίσματος χωρίς λήψη φαρμακευτικής αγωγής για την αντιμετώπιση των στερητικών συμπτωμάτων, η οξεία φάση στέρησης συνδέεται με κακή ποιότητα ύπνου και αϋπνία. Η φαρμακευτική θεραπεία υποκατάστασης παρ’ ότι εν γένει αμβλύνει τα συμπτώματα στέρησης, παρουσιάζει την αϋπνία ως κύρια ανεπιθύμητη ενέργεια. Τα ανωτέρω αποτελούν αρνητικό προγνωστικό παράγοντα για μια επιτυχή προσπάθεια διακοπής. Επίσης το κάπνισμα σχετίζεται με αυξημένη επίπτωση ροχαλητού, σχετίζεται στατιστικά με το σύνδρομο ανήσυχων άκρων, και φαίνεται να επιδεινώνει το Σύνδρομο Αποφρακτικής Άπνοιας Ύπνου. Τέλος το κάπνισμα κατά την εγκυμοσύνη αποτελεί τον κυριότερο αναστρέψιμο παράγοντα κινδύνου για το σύνδρομο αιφνίδιου βρεφικού θανάτου, μετά την τοποθέτηση σε σωστή θέση για ύπνο. Συμπεράσματα : Η αρνητική επίδραση του καπνίσματος στη λειτουργία του ύπνου κατά την ενεργό έκθεση, αποτελεί μια επιπλέον επιβλαβή για την υγεία επίπτωση του καπνού. Επίσης οι διαταραχές ύπνου κατά την προσπάθεια διακοπής, δυσχεραίνουν την προσπάθεια απεξάρτησης από τη νικοτίνη. Έμφαση θα πρέπει να δοθεί στον τομέα αυτό, με σωστή ενημέρωση και ενδεχόμενη φαρμακευτική και επιπλέον υποστηρικτική παρέμβαση για τις διαταραχές ύπνου ώστε να έχουμε μεγαλύτερα ποσοστά επιτυχούς διακοπής καπνίσματος.Introduction : Smoking is a chronic addiction to nicotine, which is the main psychoactive component of the smoke. Studying the nicotine effect on sleep leads on a better understanding of sleep disturbances in smokers, the nicotine dependence mechanisms and the smoking cessation process. Objectives : The review of the international literature regarding the effect of nicotine on sleep in smokers, during cessation attempt, and its relation with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Material and methods: Studies in English were selected from the PubMed data base from 1990 to 2018. Older studies were included whenever was necessary. Results: Active smokers have a worst quality of sleep, with changes on its architecture as well. Moreover, smoking cessation leads to a poorer sleep quality and insomnia on the acute phase of withdrawal, while the pharmaceutical substitution therapy includes insomnia as its main adverse effect. All the above constitute a negative predictive factor for a successful cessation attempt. Also, smoking is related with increased incidence of snoring, is related to Restless Leg Syndrome, and it seems to worsen OSAS. Additionally, smoking during pregnancy is the main preventable risk factor for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, after the correct sleep positioning. Conclusions : The negative effect of smoking on sleep during active smoking is an additional, to the already known, smoking hazards. Moreover, sleep disturbances through a cessation attempt, make it difficult to achieve abstinence. Emphasis should be given so as to give additional pharmaceutical or psychological support during cessation attempts, in order to achieve higher rates of successful outcomes

User-Generated Content in Social Media: A Twenty-Year Bibliometric Analysis in Hospitality

This article aims to present a bibliometric analysis regarding social media platforms and User-Generated Content (UGC) in hospitality. One hundred fifty-one peer-reviewed articles were analyzed using Webster’s and Watson’s (2002) methodology, a concept-driven methodology that helps analyze different concepts and contexts of a research field. Articles classified into five areas and a bibliometric analysis were presented to discuss the publication year, journals and publishers, authors, number of citations, research method implemented, social networking and users’ perceived value, user-generated content and travel planning, e-Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM) and brand image building, and hotel performance. The findings of this study showed that the number of studies in this field has increased over the last decade. However, exploration of the subject needs to be promoted (particularly experimental) because research in hospitality social media is still in the early phases on the grounds that publications concentrate on explicit subjects, regions, and sources of publication

User-Generated Content in Social Media: A Twenty-Year Bibliometric Analysis in Hospitality

This article aims to present a bibliometric analysis regarding social media platforms and User-Generated Content (UGC) in hospitality. One hundred fifty-one peer-reviewed articles were analyzed using Webster’s and Watson’s (2002) methodology, a concept-driven methodology that helps analyze different concepts and contexts of a research field. Articles classified into five areas and a bibliometric analysis were presented to discuss the publication year, journals and publishers, authors, number of citations, research method implemented, social networking and users’ perceived value, user-generated content and travel planning, e-Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM) and brand image building, and hotel performance. The findings of this study showed that the number of studies in this field has increased over the last decade. However, exploration of the subject needs to be promoted (particularly experimental) because research in hospitality social media is still in the early phases on the grounds that publications concentrate on explicit subjects, regions, and sources of publication

Marketing in Greek National Health System

Introduction: The international financial situation in combination with an aging population and the appropriation of health services imposes the management of hospital services as a necessity for the survival of hospitals.Aim: To examine the perceptions of 450 upper administrative hospital executives (Nursing, Medicine and Administrative services) in the wider region of Attica, on marketing, communication, and public relations in health-care.Population study: Four hundred and fifty (450) higher health executives from the three basic fields of services in health institutions (medical, nursing, administration) constituted the total sample of the research. These people are employed at 9 of the 36 hospitals in the 3 Health Regions of Attica (H.Re).Materials and method:The type of design that was chosen (to gather data) for the study of attitudes and perceptions of the health personnel of the health institutions of G.S.H (Greek System of Health) is a cross- sectional survey.Results: The participating subjects, even though expressed some reservations at first, formed a favorable attitude towards marketing and its application in the field of health-care. Statistically important correlations emerged between the perceptions of executives and their socio-demographic background including age, sex, education, and profession, work experience in health-care and specifically in their current position in the services as well as statistically important differences between doctors, nurses and administrators as to their perceptions of some issues in marketing.Conclusions: From the comments in the survey it appears there is a need to apply marketing correctly when providing quality care, respecting the patients’ rights and using human and not financial criteria as a guide. Based on the results of the research, important proposals are being submitted in the areas of health-care research, education and clinical practice

Greek nurses attitudes towards death

Introduction: Several studies explore the attitudes of nurses caring for dying patients but this is the first one exploring Greek nurses’ attitude toward death. Purpose/Objectives: To assess how Greek nurses feel about death and examine any relationships between their attitudes and demographic factors. Design: Descriptive quantitative. The sample comprised of 150 hospital nurses (response rate 64%).Method: Voluntary and anonymous completion of the Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R), and a demographic questionnaire. The Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R) (Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994) is a 32-item scale that uses a seven-point Likert scale to measure respondents' attitudes toward death. Demographic data, including gender, age, previous experience working with terminally ill patients, work setting (inpatient versus outpatient), years practising as an RN were collected. No identifying information was collected from the participants, ensuring the results were anonymous. Results: 82% of respondents were female with a mean age of 35.54 years (19 min 48 max). The mean nursing experience was 12.1 years. Average scores on the DAP-R sub-scales ranged from 2.90 (escape sub-scale) to 5.63 (neutral sub-scale). Statistically significant relationships were noted among gender, and scores on the DAP-R. Nursing experience and age were the variables most likely to predict nurses' attitudes toward death. Nurses with specific education on palliative care had less difficulty talking about death and dying. The existence of Hospital-based teams (known as palliative care teams, supportive care teams, or symptom assessment teams) had statistically significant relationship with fear of death and neutral acceptance scores Conclusions: In Greek hospitals nurses with more work experience tended to have more positive attitudes toward death and caring for dying patients

Burnout in nursing personnel in a regional university hospital

Abstract: In this study we aimed to investigate the frequency of the burnout syndrome among the nursing personnel of all rungs. The present study is descriptive with synchronical comparisons and cross-correlations. The research was conducted in a Regional University Hospital. Subjects: The questionnaire was distributed to 150 RNs and NAs and the response rate was 42,6% (N=64). Main outcome measure is the determination of the burnout levels of nurses employed in a major Regional University hospital and the correlation of factors of burnout level with demographic and job related factors. Results: Generally occupational burnout appears to be in moderate levels. 9,37% of the sample experienced a high degree of burnout while 6,24% experienced low degree. 34,38% of the sample experienced low emotional exhaustion, 20,31% moderate and 45,31% high. 37,5% of the sample experienced low personal accomplishments, 28,13% moderate, 34,38% high. 26,54% of the sample experienced low depersonalization, 32,81% moderate, 40,63% high. Emotional exhaustion correlates significantly with working a rotation shift (p=0,05). Emotional exhaustion correlates significantly with resignation from hospital (p=0,002). Depersonalization correlates significantly with the multidisciplinary cooperation (p=0,05). The factors of burnout were examined in combination with the qualitative characteristics, as sex, the marital status, the level of education, with ?2 and in combination with the quantitative demographic characteristics as the age, the weight, the height, the number of children; with ANOVA oneway and it did not find to relate themselves considerably

Greek nurses attitudes towards death

Introduction: Several studies explore the attitudes of nurses caring for dying patients but this is the first one exploring Greek nurses’ attitude toward death. Purpose/Objectives: To assess how Greek nurses feel about death and examine any relationships between their attitudes and demographic factors. Design: Descriptive quantitative. The sample comprised of 150 hospital nurses (response rate 64%).Method: Voluntary and anonymous completion of the Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R), and a demographic questionnaire. The Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R) (Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994) is a 32-item scale that uses a seven-point Likert scale to measure respondents' attitudes toward death. Demographic data, including gender, age, previous experience working with terminally ill patients, work setting (inpatient versus outpatient), years practising as an RN were collected. No identifying information was collected from the participants, ensuring the results were anonymous. Results: 82% of respondents were female with a mean age of 35.54 years (19 min 48 max). The mean nursing experience was 12.1 years. Average scores on the DAP-R sub-scales ranged from 2.90 (escape sub-scale) to 5.63 (neutral sub-scale). Statistically significant relationships were noted among gender, and scores on the DAP-R. Nursing experience and age were the variables most likely to predict nurses' attitudes toward death. Nurses with specific education on palliative care had less difficulty talking about death and dying. The existence of Hospital-based teams (known as palliative care teams, supportive care teams, or symptom assessment teams) had statistically significant relationship with fear of death and neutral acceptance scores Conclusions: In Greek hospitals nurses with more work experience tended to have more positive attitudes toward death and caring for dying patients

Greek registered nurses’ job satisfaction in relation to work-related stress: a study on army and civilian rns

Background: Job satisfaction and work-related stress effect, job turnover, and patient satisfaction in nursing. Aim: To present the views of Greek Army Registered Nurses and Civilian Registered Nurses on job satisfaction and job stress and why they are lead to seeking employment elsewhere. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken by questionnaire on a random sample of 117 Registered Nurses (77 Army RNs – 40 Civilian RNs), (Response rate 42%). The Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale was used to measure overall job satisfaction. Job related tension index was used to measure nurses’ levels of stress. The association between relationship factors and organizational outcomes such as job satisfaction, turnover intentions and organizational commitment were assessed. The analysis was made with the use of SPSS (version 15). Results: Mean score of stress was for Army Registered Nurses (RNs) m=31.61 (SD 9.041 min=21 max=75) while for Civilian Registered Nurses was m=29.38 (SD 7.117 min=12 max=46) The most frequently mentioned source of job stress for civilian RNs is not having a say on the appearance and structure of their work environment (p=0.017). Not being appreciated and not treated as equal to other health professionals. (p<0.0001). Civilian RNs’ occupational stress leads to their leaving the workplace (p=0.004). Results of the regression analysis when performing Pearson correlation coefficients (correlation significance at the level 0.05 two-tailed)showed that the increase in job satisfaction of Army RNs was predicted by older nurses p= 0.001, r= 0.363, by more experienced ones with more years at work p= 0.004, r= 0.326. Conclusions: A nursing career is fulfilling when the nurse is given the opportunity to provide input on decisions in the workplace, is treated as an equal to other health professionals and is given recognition for accomplishments. The current shortage of nurses highlights the importance of understanding the impact of low moral and stress in the workplace and the need to implement innovative programs that respect the nursing profession