Assessment of Factors Influencing the Implementation of Biosecurity Measures on Pig Farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa)

Biosecurity plays an irreplaceable role in preventing diseases and increasing productivity on farm. The main objective of this study was to characterize pig farming and investigate factors influencing biosecurity on pig farms in the western highlands of Cameroon. Data were collected from May to July 2017 using a questionnaire and observations. A technical scoring system was developed from the biosecurity measures. The results revealed that most farmers are males (76.29%), on average 47.82 ± 10.34 years old, with secondary school level (53.61%). The most common husbandry system is extensive (73.22%). Over a total score of 93, measures with higher scores (>80) included “employees do not rear pigs at home,” “animals of different age not in the same room,” “unsold animals from market quarantined prior to reintroduction into the herd,” “production materials not exchanged among farms,” “piggeries clean every day,” “disinfectants used,” “pigs vaccinated,” and “vaccination calendar respected.” Those with the lowest score (<6) were “sanitary lock present,” “use of herd specific clean coveralls and boots on farm,” and “entry restriction sign post present.” The biosecurity level was associated with production system, with the score 6.57 and 3.66 points lower for extensive and semi-intensive farms, respectively, than for intensive system. Farmer’s age, gender, education level, and herd size did not affect the level of biosecurity. The results can be used to improve the general biosecurity status in pig herds in the country which in turn will lead, as observed elsewhere, to improved technical performance and economic gain

LA GARE ROUTIÈRE MUNICIPALE DE DOLISIE

Cette étude porte sur la création, l’organisation et le fonctionnement de la gare routière de Dolisie, la 3ème ville du Congo, chef-lieu de département du Niari. Ville cosmopolite, l’intensification des activités commerciales et la mobilité des de la population rendent actifs ou vibratoire les secteurs de transport inter routier. Ceci étant, il se développe dans la ville plusieurs zones d’embarquement et débarquement des voyageurs et des marchandises&nbsp;; rendant difficile le processus de contrôle des agents municipaux. En 2006, avec la municipalisation accélérée est née l’idée de créer une gare dite routière municipale. Sa construction a permis de mieux organiser les transports interurbains. Depuis lors, cette unité marchande de la commune de Dolisie génère des nombreuses activités économiques multisectorielles à l’instar du transport qu’elle assure.This study deals with the creation, organisation and operation of the bus station of Dolisie, the third largest city in Congo, capital of the Niari department. As a cosmopolitan city, the intensification of commercial activities and the mobility of the population make the inter-road transport sectors active or vibratory. This being the case, several loading and unloading zones for travellers and goods have developed in the city, making it difficult for municipal agents to control the process. In 2006, with the accelerated municipalization, the idea of creating a so-called municipal bus station was born. Its construction made it possible to better organise inter-city transport. Since then, this commercial unit in the commune of Dolisie has generated numerous multi-sectoral economic activities, such as the transport it provides

Ectasie sclérale semi-annulaire pré-équatoriale chez un patient glaucomateux onchocerquien [Semi-annular pre-equatorial scleral ectasia in a patient with glaucoma and onchocerciasis].

We present the case of a glaucomatous young patient with onchocerciasis who developed a bilateral pre-equatorial scleral staphyloma with an important scleral thinness. The pathogenesis of anterior staphyloma is discussed: mechanical stress from very high ocular pressure, ocular onchocerciasis, scleral ischemia. A better understanding of scleral mechanical resistance could explain scleral thinness without any clinical scleritis

Carcinome baso-cellulaire géant de la paupière chez une patiente noire Camerounaise [Giant basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid in a black patient from Cameroon].

Basal cell carcinoma of the skin is the most common human cancer. It is also the most frequent malignant tumor of the eyelid. In Europe, its most common clinical presentation is a hard indurated, and sometimes ulcerated nodule. The authors report a giant palpebral basal cell carcinoma in a black non albinos Cameroonian patient. The ethnic origin, localization and macroscopic aspect are discussed. The problems connected with diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors in Africa are noted

Le xeroderma pigmentosum et ses manifestations oculaires. A propos du premier cas camerounais [Xeroderma pigmentosum and its ocular manifestations. The first case in Cameroon].

We report a case of xeroderma pigmentosum in a 9-year-old back Cameroonian boy. The diagnosis was based on typical clinical presentation of the disease: cutaneous atrophy, hypepigmented macules, and areas of depigmentation on sun exposed regions of the skin. Multiple tumoral lesions were localized on the head. Ocular findings were also present: conjunctival hyperemia, peripheral corneal opacification. Excision of the tumors and potoprotection was proposed for this patient. The role of tribal black African marriage traditions in disease transmission is discussed

Lésion du fond d'oeil séquellaire d'un traumatisme obstétrical: à propos d'un cas [Retinal lesion due to an obstetrical traumatism: a case report].

The authors report a case of unilateral, stable, localized, and well-circumscribed choriocapillaris atrophy associated with retinal pigment epithelium dispersion and atrophy. The anterior segment was normal. Facial examination revealed a homolateral malar hypoplasia. The other eye was normal. The electrophysiologic study did not confirm pigmentary degeneration of the retina. The patient's history included a difficult delivery using obstetrical forceps. The authors review the main ocular lesions secondary to birth trauma. In this case, they favored a traumatic chorioretinal lesion secondary to an obstetrical traumatism. In this context, progressive facial hemiatrophy is the main differential diagnosis

Spontaneous regression of two giant basal cell carcinomas in a single patient after incomplete excision

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous regression of small basal cell carcinoma has been reported. For giant basal cell carcinoma, however, no spontaneous regression has been described to date. CASE REPORT: We present a patient with two independent giant basal cell carcinomas over the left clavicle and the lower back, measuring 7 x 12 cm and 18 x 20 cm, respectively. Both tumors were excised incompletely (R2) and the patient refused followup resections. After 52 and 16 months, respectively, no signs of recurrence were observed. CONCLUSION; Incompletely excised giant basal cell carcinomas can regress spontaneously. A watch-and-wait approach after incomplete resection may be pragmatic to avoid mutilating follow-up resections in patients refusing further surgery