Niger data

Data collected from PZQ efficacy study in two Nigerien villages co-endemic for S. haematobium and S. mansoni. Key to variable names is included in second sheet

Infection intensity at baseline of (A) <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> and (B) <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> according to co-infection status in three West African countries.

<p>Arithmetic mean log-transformed egg counts are plotted for each species among infected children only, with 95% confidence intervals that account for clustering of the data by school in Mali, and by village in Senegal and Niger.</p

Longitudinal dynamics of <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> in Senegal (A,B) and Niger (C,D), according to co-infection status with <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> at baseline.

<p>Means from raw data are plotted with 95% confidence intervals. Confidence intervals for prevalence are exact, and for intensity data were calculated using a negative binomial GLM on egg counts including zero counts. Black and red lines indicate baseline single infections and co-infections with <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> respectively. Solid and dashed lines represent the villages of Temeye and Nder in A and B, and Diambala and Namarigoungou in C and D respectively. There is no line for single infections in Nder because all infections in that village were co-infections.</p

Baseline differences in infection probability for (A) <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> and (B) <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> among Malian children according to intensity of co-infection.

<p>Raw data are plotted with 95% exact confidence intervals, which account for clustering of prevalence data by school. Patterns are plotted separately for each of the three regions surveyed in Mali.</p

Changes in the proportion of schistosome infections at each follow-up point that were attributable to <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> alone (pale grey), <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> alone (mid grey) or both species (co-infections, in black).

<p>Only children that were positive at baseline, and monitored at all follow-up occasions are included.</p

Characteristics of study sites in Senegal, Niger and Mali used in this study.

<p>Characteristics of study sites in Senegal, Niger and Mali used in this study.</p

Senegal data

Data collected from PZQ efficacy study in two Senegalese villages co-endemic for S. haematobium and S. mansoni. Key to variable names is included in second sheet

Re-infection intensity 6-months after baseline among individuals that cleared their infection 6 weeks after PZQ treatment, modelled by negative binomial GLMs.

<p>Baseline infection intensity for the focal species was retained in models even when not significant, so the effect of co-infection over and above effects of the focal species could be assessed. χ² and p values are from likelihood ratio tests comparing full models with and without the term in question. Age was mean-centred in analyses. ‘ref’ indicates the reference level of each factor.</p

Longitudinal dynamics of <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> in Senegal (A, B) and Niger (C, D), according to co-infection status at baseline.

<p>Means from raw data are plotted with 95% confidence intervals. Confidence intervals for prevalence are exact, and for intensity data were calculated using a negative binomial GLM on egg counts including zero counts. Black and red lines indicate baseline single infections and co-infections with <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> respectively. Solid and dashed lines represent the villages of Temeye and Nder in A and B, and Diambala and Namarigoungou in C and D respectively. There is no line for single infections in Nder because all infections in that village were co-infections.</p

Predicted changes in the probability of (A) <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> and (B) <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> infection, over successive rounds of treatment in the Malian cohort according to co-infection status at baseline.

<p>Values shown are (cluster-specific) predicted values and standard errors from a binomial mixed model, for a child of average age in the dataset. BL = baseline, F1 = first annual follow-up1, F2 = second annual follow-up.</p