Reviewing the Status of Professional Commitment Principles in the Physician-Patient Communication Models

Much attention is paid to the importance of the relationship between patients and physicians and the ethical issues that have been considered from different perspectives. Moreover, different models have been developed to establish such a relationship. In one of the most advanced methods, Emanuel EJ categorized 4 paternalistic -informative-interpretive models that have been agreed upon by many medical professionals. Each model has its characteristics and in the relationship between a patient and a practitioner, and to some extent, the professional commitment values (professionalism). In other words, the observance of the values of professionalism in each of these models has been based on the definitions of these principles; each is of particular importance, and individual attention has been paid to these values in different models. The present work aimed to evaluate each communication model according to the values of medical resource planning. Analyzing and adapting these models in terms of professional ethics could finally lead to analyzing the comparative approaches to professional commitment values

Ethical Considerations in Conducting Clinical Trials

Background: Clinical trials are the golden key in medical science research with human participants. They have always been considered interesting topics by researchers and scientists working in this field. However, the samples are “human participants,” so the research should be carefully conducted.Methods: In the present study, the published articles on the ethical challenges of conducting clinical trials were evaluated between 2010 and 2019 in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The English search keywords were “clinical trial,” with at least one of the phrases of “ethical consideration” or “standard”.Results: In this article, we examined the ethical requirements and considerations in these research studies in four stages: research design and question, proposal review and approval, supervision and implementation, and publication of the results. We have examined them using relevant articles published between 2010 and 2019 and identified important and prominent issues or neglected ones. Conclusion: During this study, it was found that the “research design and question” stage was the most discussed and challenging stage, and the authors’ sensitivity about it has been more than the other three stages. On the other hand, the “results publishing” stage has been considered less sensitive with the least number of references in articles