Sorghum silage production system in Cariri, Paraíba

The objective of this study was to characterize the sorghum farming and ensiling systems in the Cariri region of Paraíba State (Brazil), and to identify different groups of producers based on productive characteristics using frequency distributions, and principal component and cluster analyses. A total of 100 milk producers in the Caturité and Boqueirão municipalities in the dairy region of Cariri, Paraíba, were selected to fill out a questionnaire comprised of 32 questions to collect data on both qualitative and quantitative variables. Of the 100 properties studied, 88% cultivated sorghum as silage forage for feeding dairy cows, demonstrating the importance of this cultural practice in the region of Cariri. Statistical analyses based on the variables studied identified four groups, composed of 35, 8, 6, and 39 farmers. The sorghum cultivation and ensiling production system in Cariri can be improved through the evaluation and improvement of soil fertility to obtain higher forage production, application of weed control using herbicides, and implementation of mechanized planting and harvesting to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with manpower

Caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri paraibano = Characterization of the bovine milk production systems in the Cariri region of the Paraíba State

Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, caracterizar os sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri da Paraíba, utilizando análise de componentes principais e de agrupamento por Cluster. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 100 produtores rurais nos municípios de Caturité e Barra de Santana para aplicação de um questionário que foi composto por variáveis quantitativas, subdivididas em cinco conjuntos, totalizando 16 perguntas. Os quatro primeiros componentes principais explicaram 75,56% da variação total. Verificou-se a formação de três grupos quanto às variáveis estudadas. Os grupos I, II e III foram compostos por 9, 28 e 63 produtores, respectivamente. A maioria das propriedades do grupo I está localizada no município de Caturité, Estado da Paraíba. O tipo de solo e as condições de abastecimento de água mais favoráveis nas propriedades deste município e, a proximidade destas com a sede da Cooperativa, têm proporcionado melhores condições de produção de leite, se comparado às propriedades de Barra de Santana, Estado da Paraíba, representadas, principalmente, pelo grupo III. Com as informações obtidas no presenteestudo foi possível definir três sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri da Paraíba e, consequentemente, oferecer subsídios para a realização de ações específicas de acordo com as demandas oferecidas por cada um destes sistemas identificados.<br><br>This study aimed to characterize the production systems of bovine milk in the Cariri region of Paraíba State using cluster and maincomponent analyses. Information on milk producers (n=100) from the towns of Caturité and Barra de Santana were collected by means of a questionnaire comprised by five groups of quantitative variables, totlaing 16 questions. The first four main components explained 75.56% of the total variation. The existence of three groups with regard to studied variables was verified. Groups I, II and III were comprised by 9, 28 and 63 producers, respectively. Most of the farms in Group I are located in Caturité. The type of soil and water supplyconditions make milk production more feasible in that town. Such factors, together with the proximity with the Cooperative’s headquarters, have provided better conditions for milk production in that area when compared to Barra de Santana, in which farms were clustered in Group III. Information raised in this study indicated the existence of three systems of milk production the Cariri of Paraíba, which will facilitate the implementation of specific actions in accordance with the demands presented by each of the systems

Análise econômica da exploração de leite no cariri paraibano = Economic analysis of the milk production in the cariri region of the Paraíba State

Este estudo objetivou avaliar os custos de produção, receitas e rentabilidade da atividade leiteira de seis sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri paraibano. Foi objetivo, também, identificar os componentes que exerceram maior influência sobre os custos finais da atividade por meio dos resultados econômicos e indicadores técnicos de desempenho econômico. Para a realização das análises econômicas, os produtores foram divididos em dois grupos, em função do vínculo com a Cooperativa, sendo sócios e nãosócios. A receita bruta da atividade foi suficiente para cobrir os custos operacionais efetivos e totais nas propriedades 1, 2, 3 e 5. Os itens que compõem o custo operacional efetivo de produção do leite foram responsáveis por porcentuais superiores a 60% em todas as propriedades analisadas. O valor superior recebido pelo grupo de produtores sócios da Cooperativa, para o litro de leite comercializado, tem possibilitado investimentos tecnológicos na atividade e, consequentemente, aumento da produtividade nessas propriedades.This study aimed to evaluate the costs of production, revenue andprofitability of six milk production systems in Paraíba State, Brazil and to identify major variables related to the final cost of milk through the economic results and indicators of economic performance. In order to carry out the economic analysis, farmers were groupedinto two clusters, depending on the link to a cooperative, i.e., members and non-members. The gross revenue was sufficient to cover total and operating costs in the farms 1, 2, 3 and 5. The items that make up the operational cost of milk production accounted forpercentages above 60% in all these farms. The higher value received by the cluster of producers comprised by members of the cooperative for a gallon of milk has allowed investments in technology leading to productivity increase in these farms

<b>Caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri paraibano</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7123 <b>Characterization of the bovine milk production systems in the Cariri region of the Paraíba State</b> - doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7123

Objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, caracterizar os sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri da Paraíba, utilizando análise de componentes principais e de agrupamento por Cluster. Foi selecionada uma amostra de 100 produtores rurais nos municípios de Caturité e Barra de Santana para aplicação de um questionário que foi composto por variáveis quantitativas, subdivididas em cinco conjuntos, totalizando 16 perguntas. Os quatro primeiros componentes principais explicaram 75,56% da variação total. Verificou-se a formação de três grupos quanto às variáveis estudadas. Os grupos I, II e III foram compostos por 9, 28 e 63 produtores, respectivamente. A maioria das propriedades do grupo I está localizada no município de Caturité, Estado da Paraíba. O tipo de solo e as condições de abastecimento de água mais favoráveis nas propriedades deste município e, a proximidade destas com a sede da Cooperativa, têm proporcionado melhores condições de produção de leite, se comparado às propriedades de Barra de Santana, Estado da Paraíba, representadas, principalmente, pelo grupo III. Com as informações obtidas no presente estudo foi possível definir três sistemas de produção de leite bovino no Cariri da Paraíba e, consequentemente, oferecer subsídios para a realização de ações específicas de acordo com as demandas oferecidas por cada um destes sistemas identificados. componente principal; cooperativa; semiárido<br>This study aimed to characterize the production systems of bovine milk in the Cariri region of Paraíba State using cluster and main component analyses. Information on milk producers (n=100) from the towns of Caturité and Barra de Santana were collected by means of a questionnaire comprised by five groups of quantitative variables, totlaing 16 questions. The first four main components explained 75.56% of the total variation. The existence of three groups with regard to studied variables was verified. Groups I, II and III were comprised by 9, 28 and 63 producers, respectively. Most of the farms in Group I are located in Caturité. The type of soil and water supply conditions make milk production more feasible in that town. Such factors, together with the proximity with the Cooperative’s headquarters, have provided better conditions for milk production in that area when compared to Barra de Santana, in which farms were clustered in Group III. Information raised in this study indicated the existence of three systems of milk production the Cariri of Paraíba, which will facilitate the implementation of specific actions in accordance with the demands presented by each of the systems

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data