The effects of tax incentives for small firms on employment levels

This paper will examine the effects of tax incentives for small businesseson employment level evaluating a program with this purpose implemented in Brazil in the 1990s. We first develop a theoretical framework which guides both the de nition of the parameters of interest and their identi cation. Selection problems both into the treatment group and into the data sampleare tackled by combining fi xed effects methods and regression discontinuity design on alternative sub-samples of a longitudinal database of manufacturing fi rms. The results show that on the one hand the size composition of thetreated fi rms may be changed due to the survival of some smaller fi rms that would have exited had it not been eligible to the program. On the other hand, the treated fi rms who do not depend on the program to survive do employ more workers.

Efetividade do "salário mínimo estadual": uma análise via regressões quantílicas para dados longitudinais

In 2000, the federal government approved a law that permitted the states to set wages floors above minimum wage. The states of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul adopted this law in 2001. We utilized panel data of Employment Monthly Survey from 2000 and 2001, and observed a low adherence to this law in these states. Furthermore, we get evidences of negligible effect on employment level. These results indicate a high legislation noncompliance due to low enforcement of the law, as suggested by the theory.Em 2000, o governo federal aprovou uma lei que permitiu aos Estados fixarem pisos salariais acima do salário mínimo. Os Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul adotaram tal lei em 2001. Utilizando dados de painel da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego de 2000 e 2001, encontramos um baixo cumprimento da lei nestes Estados. Adicionalmente, obtivemos evidências de efeito nulo sobre o nível de emprego. Estes resultados indicam um alto descumprimento da legislação devido a uma baixa efetividade da lei, como sugerido pela teoria

Efetividade do "salário mínimo estadual": uma análise via regressões quantílicas para dados longitudinais

Em 2000, o governo federal aprovou uma lei que permitiu aos Estados fixarem pisos salariais acima do salário mínimo. Os Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul adotaram tal lei em 2001. Utilizando dados de painel da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego de 2000 e 2001, encontramos um baixo cumprimento da lei nestes Estados. Adicionalmente, obtivemos evidências de efeito nulo sobre o nível de emprego. Estes resultados indicam um alto descumprimento da legislação devido a uma baixa efetividade da lei, como sugerido pela teoria.In 2000, the federal government approved a law that permitted the states to set wages floors above minimum wage. The states of Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul adopted this law in 2001. We utilized panel data of Employment Monthly Survey from 2000 and 2001, and observed a low adherence to this law in these states. Furthermore, we get evidences of negligible effect on employment level. These results indicate a high legislation noncompliance due to low enforcement of the law, as suggested by the theory

Influence of physical exercise practice against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: narrative review

As a protective measure against the Covid-19 virus, the world health organization strongly recommended social isolation. Because of a lower offer of physical exercise, there was an increase in the number of physical inactivity, poor diet, and psychological disorders. In this sense, this literature review aims to address how the practice of physical exercise is important to protect the metabolic and psychological health of the population. During forced isolation, it was possible to observe an increase in sedentary lifestyle and poor diet. As an outcome, possible damage to the population's mental health was also identified. In contrast, it was observed that individuals who practiced physical exercise, managed to mitigate both metabolic and psychological damage. Ahead, it was also possible to observe that this practice significantly contributed to the individuals' immune system, which can collaborate with the organism in the fight against possible contamination. Given this, the objective of this review was to identify possible implications of physical exercise on psychological and immunological aspects in coping with Covid-19. Important physiological effects of exercise were found, such as elevation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has beneficial effects in controlling depression and cognitive performance; the control of obesity through specific training methodologies can collaborate to control pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase mitochondrial function and immune system. In addition, there are up to 205 symptoms after infection by SARS-CoV2 and physical exercise can be a great ally for recovery. Therefore, it is believed that regular exercise has positive effects before, over, and post-pandemic

Cirurgia Oral em Pacientes sob Terapia com Anticoagulantes Orais: Revisão da Literatura e Apresentação de Dois Casos Clínicos

AbstractThe treatment of patients under oral anticoagulation and undergoing oral surgery procedures remains controversial. The current professional practice recommends suspension or reduction of the dosage of anticoagulants, but recent studies emphasize that this behavior causes a greater risk to the patient. In such a way, this paper aims to review the literature concerning pre, per and post operatory care in patients receiving continuous oral anticoagulants and undergoing oral surgery as well as report of two cases.ResumoO tratamento de pacientes que fazem terapia medicamentosa contínua com anticoagulantes orais e que irão se submeter a procedimentos cirúrgicos permanece controverso. A maioria dos profissionais recomenda suspender ou diminuir a dosagem dos anticoagulantes, mas trabalhos recentes mostram que esta conduta causa um risco maior ao paciente. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objectivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as condutas pré, trans e pós-operatórias em pacientes que utilizam anticoagulantes orais e que se submetem a cirurgias orais, bem como relatar 02 casos clínicos-cirúrgicos