Fagotipos de Salmonella Enteritidis isoladas de amostras clínicas, alimentos e carcassas de frangos no sul do Brasil

Neste trabalho utilizou-se 272 isolados de Salmonella Enteritidis, dos quais 111 foram isolados de carcaças de frango congeladas, 126 de alimentos e material biológico de humanos envolvidos em episódios de toxinfecções alimentares e 35 de diferentes materiais de origem avícola Destas amostras, 111 foram fagotipadas, sendo 57,65% classificadas como fagotipo 4, 32,43% como fagotipo 4a, 3,60% como fagotipo 6a e 0,90% como fagotipo 7, enquanto 5,40% das amostras não foram fagotipáveis A predominância do fagotipo 4 está em concordância com os resultados publicados ao redor do mundo, e reforça a necessidade de estudos relacionados ao significado epidemiológico destes achados.272 isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis (111 isolated from frozen broiler chicken carcasses, 126 from human food and other biological materials involved in food poisoning outbreaks and 35 from different poultry materials) were selected for phage typing. From these, 111 were phage typed, 57.65% being classified as phage type 4, 32.43% as phage type 4a, 3.60% as phage type 6a and 0.90% as phage type 7, whereas 5.40% samples were not phage typeable. The predominance of phage type 4 is in agreement with the results published worldwide, and reinforces the need for studies related to the epidemiological meaning of these findings

In vitro binding and survival assays of Leishmania parasites to peripherical blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from dogs naturally and experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There are a few works considering the characterization of canine monocyte-derived macrophages as well as a standardized procedure for isolation, culture, and infection of these cells with <it>Leishmania</it>. We have performed several modifications in order to improve the canine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. In addition, we have done a comparative study between monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from dogs naturally and experimentally infected with <it>L. chagasi</it>.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the presence of exogenous serum, opsonized <it>Leishmania </it>promastigotes binds better to monocytes/macrophages than without serum. Otherwise, this binding occurs due to the strict correlation between the opsonized biologic particles with the third receptor of the complement (CR3-CD11b/CD18). In fact, our assays with CD11b confirmed the importance of this receptor for canine cells and the <it>L. chagasi </it>experimental system. Moreover, monocytes obtained from naturally infected dogs have shown a higher number of monocytes bounded to promastigotes. The experimental results regarding survival have shown that promastigote forms of opsonized <it>L. chagasi </it>were more infective, because we found higher numbers of promastigotes bound to the different cells. As a consequence, after forty-eight hours of binding, higher numbers of amastigotes appeared inside monocyte-macrophages.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These studies have given support to continue comparative studies involving canine monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages. Since we have standardized the canine cell culture, we are looking forward to determining the phenotypic properties of these cells before and after <it>L. chagasi </it>infection using flow cytometry.</p

Telehealth application on the rehabilitation of children and adolescents Aplicação da telessaúde na reabilitação de crianças e adolescentes Aplicación de la tele salud en la rehabilitación de niños y adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To systematically review the literature on the telehealth initiatives in telerehabilitation practices in children and adolescents from zero to 18 years old. Data sources: Randomized and controlled clinical trials published in the past ten years (January 2002 to February 2012 in Medline/PubMed, Medline/BVS, PEDro and Cochrane Library databases. The descriptors &quot;telemedicine&quot;, &quot;rehabilitation&quot; and &quot;telehealth&quot; were used in three different languages (English, Portuguese and Spanish). Data synthesis: From the 20 studies found in the literature, nine were included in this review. Most of the studies showed that telerehabilitation is able to produce better results in the treatment when compared to the traditional methods, providing less frequency of symptoms, better disease control, better quality of life and greater adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation is a viable and effective strategy in the treatment of common diseases in children and adolescents. However, there are few studies on the subject in this age group. Although telehealth is already consolidated worldwide, there are no studies in Brazil that used the telerehabilitation in children and adolescents, which reinforces the need for more research and investments. Key-words: telemedicine; rehabilitation; telenursing; remote consultation. RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer as iniciativas de aplicação da telessaú-de nas práticas de telerreabilitação em crianças e adolescentes de zero a 18 anos, a partir de revisão sistemática da literatura. Fontes de dados: Ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados publicados nos últimos dez anos (janeiro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2012) nas bases Medline/PubMed, Medline/ BVS, PEDro e Biblioteca Cochrane. Os descritores &quot;telemedicina&quot;, &quot;reabilitação&quot; e &quot;telessaúde&quot; foram utilizados em três diferentes idiomas (português, inglês e espanhol). Síntese dos dados: Dos 20 estudos encontrados na literatura, nove foram incluídos nesta revisão. A maioria dos estudos demonstrou que a telerreabilitação é capaz de produzir melhores resultados no tratamento quando comparada aos métodos de reabilitação tradicionais, proporcionando diminuição na ocorrência de sintomas, melhora na qualidade de vida, maior controle das doenças e maior adesão ao tratamento. Conclusões: A telerreabilitação é uma estratégia viável e efetiva no tratamento de doenças frequentes em crianças e adolescentes. No entanto, encontraram-se poucos estudos sobre o uso da telereabilitação nessa faixa etária. Embora a telessaúde já esteja consolidada em nível mundial, não se localizaram estudos realizados no Brasil que utilizassem a telerreabilitação em crianças e adolescentes, o que reforça a necessidade de maior número de pesquisas e investimentos. Palavras-chave: telemedicina; reabilitação; telenfermagem; consulta remota. Maria Tereza N. dos Santos et al RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer las iniciativas de aplicación de la tele salud en las prácticas de tele-rehabilitación en niños y adolescentes de cero a 18 años, a partir de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Fuentes de datos: Ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorios publicados los últimos diez años (enero de 2002 a febrero de 2012) en las bases Medline/PubMed, Medline/BVS, PEDro y Biblioteca Cochrane. Los descriptores «telemedi-cina», «rehabilitación» y tele salud fueron utilizados en tres distintos idiomas (portugués, inglés y español). Síntesis de los datos: De los 20 estudios encontrados en la literatura, nueve fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La mayoría de los estudios demostró que la tele-rehabilitación es capaz de producir mejores resultados en el tratamiento cuando comparada a los métodos de rehabilitación tradicionales, proporcionando reducción en la ocurrencia de síntomas, mejora en la calidad de vida, mayor control de las enfermedades y mayor adhesión al tratamiento. Conclusiones: La tele-rehabilitación es una estrategia viable y efectiva en el tratamiento de patologías frecuentes en niños y adolescentes. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre el uso de la tele-rehabilitación en esa franja de edad. Aunque la salud ya esté consolidada en nivel mundial, no se localizaron estudios realizados en Brasil que utilizaran la tele-rehabilitación en niños y adolescentes, lo que refuerza la necesidad de mayor número de investigaciones e inversiones

Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Study of Coxsackievirus A24v Causing Outbreaks of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC) in Brazil

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) is the most prevalent viral pathogen associated with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks. Sixteen years after its first outbreak in Brazil, this agent reemerged in 2003 in Brazil, spread to nearly all states and caused outbreaks until 2005. In 2009, a new outbreak occurred in the northeast region of the country. In this study, we performed a viral isolation in cell culture and characterized clinical samples collected from patients presenting symptoms during the outbreak of 2005 in Vitória, Espírito Santo State (ES) and the outbreak of 2009 in Recife, Pernambuco State (PE). We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of worldwide strains and all meaningful Brazilian isolates since 2003.Sterile cotton swabs were used to collect eye discharges, and all 210 clinical samples were used to inoculate cell cultures. Cytopathic effects in HEp-2 cells were seen in 58 of 180 (32%) samples from Vitória and 3 of 30 (10%) samples from Recife. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the VP1 and 3C gene revealed that the CA24v causing outbreaks in Brazil during the years 2003, 2004 and 2005 evolved from Asian isolates that had caused the South Korean outbreak of AHC during the summer of 2002. However, the 2009 outbreak of AHC in Pernambuco was originated from the reintroduction of a new CA24v strain that was circulating during 2007 in Asia, where CA24v outbreaks has been continuously reported since 1970.This study is the first phylogenetic analysis of AHC outbreaks caused by CA24v in Brazil. The results showed that Asian strains of CA24v were responsible for the outbreaks since 1987 and were independently introduced to Brazil in 2003 and 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of complete VP1 gene is a useful tool for studying the epidemiology of enteroviruses associated with outbreaks