Developmental Stages of Preschool Teachers in Selected Arab Gulf Countries

The current study focused on examining the developmental stages of preschool teachers in the Arab Gulf region. Specifically, the needs and concerns of teachers were investigated using a pretest/posttest (12-month interval) design. Participants included two groups of preschool teachers, trained (n= 35) and untrained (n=122) Contrary to expectations, the sequential nature of development stages of teachers did not emerge. Instead, the results showed that teachers become less concerned about teaching as they progress in their careers. When data from the present study were factor-analyzed they yielded only two areas of concerns that seemed applicable cross-cultrally. When data were subjected to analysis of variance, results revealed that training had a significant main effect on teaching concerns while teaching experience did not. Further exploration of the category experience showed that, for Factor II, the trained group of teachers had a larger drop in their level of teaching concerns than the untrained group. This was especially evident with two subgroups, low (1 to 3) years of teaching experience and high (8 to 16) years of teaching experience. The trained group with medium (4 to 7) years of teaching experience maintained a consistently low score on both pretest and posttest. Teaching experience for Factor II appears to have a main effect in reducing the level of concerns of teachers over their teaching. This was especially evident between pretest and posttest for the low-and high-experience trained teachers

Shielding Forces On Structural Arrays In Turbulent Boundary Layers

The characteristics of wind and wind pressures in arrays of structural obstructions is important in the design of these structures. As the wind impacts a structural array, the loading patterns are altered. This thesis investigates the interference effects between structures of varying geometries and aspect ratios. A series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to measure the drag forces experienced by structures in the wakes of other obstructions. The approach flow was always configured to reflect an open country terrain. Additionally, a sensitive force balance, with a small threshold value, was designed and used to measure the forces acting on the structures.;The study examined shielding effects produced in the wakes of buildings having circular, triangular, and rectangular planar cross sections. Each arrangement consisted of two inline structures. Some configurations examined identical structures, while others studied combinations of different geometries. The drag force was then measured on the downstream structure. Universal equations emerged, describing the shielding, as a function of separation. These equations were solely dependent on the planar geometry of the upstream structure. The form of these equations is given by: {dollar}\gamma=1-\rm ae\sp{lcub}-b\Delta{rcub}.{dollar} {dollar}\gamma{dollar} being the shielding factor, {dollar}\Delta{dollar} the non-dimensional separation, and a and b are empirically found parameters that depend on the planar geometry of the upstream structure.;Second, the influence of two cylinders, separated by a distance S{dollar}\rm \sb{lcub}y{rcub},{dollar} on an identical structure in their wake was investigated. Analytical functions were found to describe the shielding. At small separations, the flow between the upstream structures behaved like a jet. At large separations, the downstream body did not distinguish between the separate wakes of the elements, and regarded them as one body.;Third, drag development over inline and staggered arrays was investigated. The structures considered were cylindrical, rectangular and combinations of the two geometries. The spacing between consecutive rows also was varied. The results obtained from the homogeneous arrays were then used to develop an analytical method to predict the drag attenuation over arrays. The numerical method was validated by considering eight irregular arrays. Experimental measurements and predictions agreed well. Comparisons with experimental results reported by Marshall (1971), and Hussain & Lee (1980) were also well.;Finally, velocity profiles were measured upstream, inside and downstream of cylindrical arrays. When plotted as a function of fetch, the friction velocity, displacement height, and roughness length increased until they reached equilibrium, inferring stability of the drag force on the constituent elements. Equilibrium values of Z{dollar}\rm \sb{lcub}o{rcub},{dollar} d, and U{dollar}\*{dollar} compared very well with theoretical predictions, developed by Raupach (1992), Lettau (1969), and McNamara (1976)

Contrastive and error analysis : a case study.

Chapter One: this chapter presents an up-to-date account of Contrastive Analysis (CA), and Error Analysis (EA). Chapter Two: this deals with the syntactic descriptions of Inflectional Phrase, (IP) in English and Syrian Arabic respectively. The descriptions of (IP) system are executed within the framework of X-bar syntax in the version outlined in Chomsky (1970 and 1986b), and Radford (1988). These descriptions focus on the various syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as IP all of which play an important role in the formation of YIN and Wh-questions. For the sake of this study, only three types of movement will be considered - i. e. I- movement, V- movement, and Wh - movement Chapter Three: this chapter describes the syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as Complementiser Phrase (CP) of the two languages within the same framework. The description focuses on I-to-C and Wh-movement. Chapter Four: this deals with English Small Clauses (SCs) and Syrian Verbless Clauses (VCs) also within the same framework. Chapter Five: this deals with contrasting the interrogative patterns of the two languages as identified in chapters 2,3 and 4, and with formulating predictions on the basis of the contrasts identified. Chapter Six: this highlights the methodology of the experiment conducted - i. e. data collection, design of the elicitation instruments, etc. Chapter Seven: this consists of analysing the elicited errors in the light of my predictions. it compares CA predictions with the attested errors to evaluate the success of the predictions and hypotheses. Chapter Eight: offers the discussion of disconfirmed predictions and errors irrelevant to predictions. Chapter Nine: this contains conclusions, pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research

Contrastive and error analysis : a case study.

Chapter One: this chapter presents an up-to-date account of Contrastive Analysis (CA), and Error Analysis (EA). Chapter Two: this deals with the syntactic descriptions of Inflectional Phrase, (IP) in English and Syrian Arabic respectively. The descriptions of (IP) system are executed within the framework of X-bar syntax in the version outlined in Chomsky (1970 and 1986b), and Radford (1988). These descriptions focus on the various syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as IP all of which play an important role in the formation of YIN and Wh-questions. For the sake of this study, only three types of movement will be considered - i. e. I- movement, V- movement, and Wh - movement Chapter Three: this chapter describes the syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as Complementiser Phrase (CP) of the two languages within the same framework. The description focuses on I-to-C and Wh-movement. Chapter Four: this deals with English Small Clauses (SCs) and Syrian Verbless Clauses (VCs) also within the same framework. Chapter Five: this deals with contrasting the interrogative patterns of the two languages as identified in chapters 2,3 and 4, and with formulating predictions on the basis of the contrasts identified. Chapter Six: this highlights the methodology of the experiment conducted - i. e. data collection, design of the elicitation instruments, etc. Chapter Seven: this consists of analysing the elicited errors in the light of my predictions. it compares CA predictions with the attested errors to evaluate the success of the predictions and hypotheses. Chapter Eight: offers the discussion of disconfirmed predictions and errors irrelevant to predictions. Chapter Nine: this contains conclusions, pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research

Contrastive and error analysis A case study

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX175051 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

A rare polypoid lesion of the gallbladder: Adenomyomatosis

ÖZET Adenomyomatozis, safra kesesi duvarının etyolojisi bilinmeyen benign hiperplastik hastalığıdır. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinüsü ile karakterize olan bu hastalık safra kesesinin incelmiş kas tabakasından epitelin lokal ya da diffüz olarak invaginasyonu ile oluşur. Bazı vakalar malign tümörlere benzemekle birlikte, ultrasonografik inceleme sırasında ayırıcı tanıda adenomyomatozis akla gelmelidir. Epigastrik ağrı ve dispeptik yakınmaları olan 50 yaşındaki kadın hastanın yapılan batın ultrasonografisinde safra kesesinde polip saptandı. Laparoskopik kolesistektomi uygulandı. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucu safra kesesi adenomyomu tanısı kondu. Olgumuzu safra kesesi polipleri ile alakalı kısa literatür bilgisi vererek sunmayı amaçladık.Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a condition of benign hyperplasia of unknown etiology, characterised by local or diffuse thickening of the muscular layer, with invagination of the epithelium, forming Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. In some cases it looks like a malignant tumor. The diagnosis can be suspected during ultrasound examination. Gall bladder polyp was detected in the abdominal ultrasonography of a 50-year-old female patient with epigastric pain and dyspeptic complaints. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out and gall bladder adenoma was diagnosed according to histopathological examination. We aimed to present our case with brief relevant literature information