Les reconstitutions par matériaux à insertion en phase plastique associées aux tenons en fibre de verre

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les reconstitutions par matériaux à insertion en phase plastique associées aux tenons en fibre de verre

LYON1-BU Santé Odontologie (693882213) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

IMS-based IP Multicast Service Delivery over Satellite Network

International audienceThis paper describes the issues related to IP multicast support in satellites networks. The IGMP multicast membership management protocol is considered as inappropriate for multicast group management over satellite network. In fact, IGMP leads to flooding, latency and scalability issues when used over asymmetric satellite networks. Thus, we propose a new architecture for multicast services provisioning based on IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) as a service delivery platform. The interworking between IP multicast protocol (i.e., IGMP) and IMS protocol (i.e., SIP) is demonstrated to overcome these multicast scalability issues inherent to satellite networks. Implementation and deployment of the proposed platform over an advanced satellite network emulator is also described

“No generics, Doctor!” The perspective of general practitioners in two French regions

Abstract Background Generic medicines are essential to controlling health expenditures. Their market share is still small in France. The discourse and practices of prescribers may play a major role in their use. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners (GPs) toward generic medicines in two French regions with the lowest penetration rate of these products. Methods An observational study was carried out from October 2015 to February 2016 in Guadeloupe and Martinique. The first qualitative phase involved a diversified sample of 14 GPs who underwent semi-structured interviews. The second phase involved a random sample of 316 GPs (response rate = 74%) who were administered a structured questionnaire developed from the results of the first phase. Results Seventy-eight percent of the participants defined a generic drug as a drug containing an active substance identical to a brand-name drug, but only 11% considered generic drugs to be equivalent to brand-name drugs, and the same proportion believed that the generic drugs were of doubtful quality. The primary recognized advantage of generic medicines was their lower cost (82%). The main drawbacks cited were the variability of their presentation (44%), the confusion that they caused for some patients (47%), frequent allegations of adverse side effects (37%) and a lack of efficacy (24%), and frequent refusal by patients (26%). Seventy-four percent of the participants stated that they adapted their prescribing practices to the situation, and of this group, 47% prescribed the originator product simply on demand. Conclusion Most surveyed GPs were not hostile towards generic medicines. They were caught between the requirements of health insurance regimes and the opposition of numerous users and suggested that the patient information provided by health authorities should be improved and that drug composition and packaging should be made uniform

Embryonic and larval development of Pteria penguin (Roding, 1798) (Bivalvia: Pteriidae)

This study describes the processes of embryogenesis, shell formation and larval development of the winged pearl oyster, Pteria penguin. Broodstock were induced to spawn using the standard method of thermal stimulation and fertilized eggs were incubated at a density of 50 ml -1 and a temperature of 27 ± 1°C. After an incubation period of 24 h, shelled larvae were stocked at 3 ml -1 and fed a mixed microalgae diet until reaching settlement age. Embryos and larvae were sampled periodically for examination by scanning electron microscope. The resulting high-resolution images were used to record the timing of developmental stages including the first cleavage (1 h postfertilization, hpf), morula (2.5 hpf), blastula (4.5 hpf), gastrula (5.5 > hpf), trochophore (7 > hpf), D-stage (2022 hpf), prodissoconch II (36 days posthatching, dph), umbone (1012 dph) and pediveliger (22 dph). Comparison with other oviparous oyster species revealed a similar sequence of key events, with differences occurring in the timing of developmental stages, shell structure and shell shape. This study is the first to describe early shell formation for a species belonging to the family Pteriidae. Shell development begins with formation a shell-field invagination (sfi) at the dorsoposterior end of the embryo (7 hpf), indicating the creation of a shell gland. The sfi stretches laterally to create a deep crevice (9 hpf) before eventually everting to form a flat central hinge linking the two expanding shell valves (12 hpf). © 2011 The Author

Reproduction et dynamique de population de mollusques bivalves d'interet commercial en Guadeloupe: Anomalocardia brasiliana, Gmelin; lucina pectinata, Gmelin

CNRS AR 13060 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc