Evaluation of the adsorption process of remazol black b dye in liquid effluents by green coconut mesocarp

The textile industry is economically important for the development of Brazil. However, the generated effluents from this activity present a complex molecular structure that gives a recalcitrant characteristic in its residuary waters. Due to this reality, it is necessary to develop viable technologies that remove those compounds, which are mostly dyes. In this study, the green coconut mesocarp was used to remove Remazol Black B dye of an aqueous solution using the adsorption technique. To perform the experiments, the green coconut mesocarp was dried at 60ºC, ground in a grinding mill, sifted, washed with distilled water and immersed in albumin for 24 hours. The process of adsorption was optimized in a batch mode, containing 0.5 g of adsorbent and 25 mL of synthetic solution of 10 mg L -1, at 30ºC, pH 4.0, stirring speed of 700 rpm, and granulometry G ￡ 0.149 mm. Afterwards, the influence of the pH of the solution, adsorbent granulometry and stirring speed were evaluated by means of factorial planning. Experiments of equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were conducted in Erlenmeyer. Results indicated that among the main effects, the pH and the adsorbent granulometry significantly influenced the process of adsorption. Besides, the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 minutes of contact. The Langmuir model was adjusted to experimental results (R 2=0.9953) being obtained a maximum capacity of adsorptionof 2.93 mgg-1 and equilibrium constant of 0.26 Lmg-1. With the obtained results it could be concluded that the green coconut mesocarp could be a viable alternative for the treatment of textile effluents

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of endovascular management for transplant renal artery stenosis

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular intervention with angioplasty and stent placement in patients with transplant renal artery stenosis. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with transplant renal artery stenosis and graft dysfunction or resistant systemic hypertension who underwent endovascular treatment with stenting from February 2011 to April 2016 were included in this study. The primary endpoint was clinical success, and the secondary endpoints were technical success, complication rate and stent patency. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with transplant renal artery stenosis underwent endovascular treatment, and three of them required reinterventions, resulting in a total of 27 procedures. The clinical success rate was 100%. All graft dysfunction patients showed decreased serum creatinine levels and improved estimated glomerular filtration rates and creatinine levels. Patients with high blood pressure also showed improved control of systemic blood pressure and decreased use of antihypertensive drugs. The technical success rate of the procedure was 97%. Primary patency and assisted primary patency rates at one year were 90.5% and 100%, respectively. The mean follow-up time of patients was 794.04 days after angioplasty. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty with stent placement for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis is a safe and effective technique with good results in both the short and long term

Prostatic Artery Embolization as a Primary Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Preliminary Results in Two Patients

Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) typically occurs in the sixth and seventh decades, and the most frequent obstructive urinary symptoms are hesitancy, decreased urinary stream, sensation of incomplete emptying, nocturia, frequency, and urgency. Various medications, specifically 5-α-reductase inhibitors and selective α-blockers, can decrease the severity of the symptoms secondary to BPH, but prostatectomy is still considered to be the traditional method of management. We report the preliminary results for two patients with acute urinary retention due to BPH, successfully treated by prostate artery embolization (PAE). The patients were investigated using the International Prostate Symptom Score, by digital rectal examination, urodynamic testing, prostate biopsy, transrectal ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Uroflowmetry and postvoid residual urine volume complemented the investigation at 30, 90, and 180 days after PAE. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia; embolization of the prostate arteries was performed with a microcatheter and 300- to 500-μm microspheres using complete stasis as the end point. One patient was subjected to bilateral PAE and the other to unilateral PAE; they urinated spontaneously after removal of the urethral catheter, 15 and 10 days after the procedure, respectively. At 6-month follow-up, US and MRI revealed a prostate reduction of 39.7% and 47.8%, respectively, for the bilateral PAE and 25.5 and 27.8%, respectively, for the patient submitted to unilateral PAE. The early results, at 6-month follow-up, for the two patients with BPH show a promising potential alternative for treatment with PAE

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer

Selective arterial prostatic embolization to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

Hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) é considerada a neoplasia masculina mais comum, além de ser a principal causa de sintomas do trato urinário baixo (STUB) em homens idosos. Se não tratada ou mal tratada, poderá levar o paciente a quadro de retenção urinária aguda, incontinência e infecção do trato urinário, progredindo em gravidade com a idade. Apesar do desenvolvimento de técnicas alternativas, a ressecção transuretral da próstata (RTU) continua sendo considerada o tratamento cirúrgico padrão ouro para HPB. Não obstante, a RTU pode estar associada a muitas comorbidades como, sangramento, sintomas urinários irritativos, disfunção sexual e ejaculação retrógrada. Por essa razão, o desenvolvimento de modalidades de tratamentos minimamente invasivos para o tratamento de HPB constitui um campo interessante de pesquisa clínica. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) avaliar a viabilidade, a segurança e a eficácia da embolização das artérias prostáticas (EAP) nos pacientes com retenção urinária devido à HPB, (2) avaliar a porcentagem de redução volumétrica da próstata e a qualidade de vida após a EAP nos pacientes com retenção urinária devido à HPB. No presente estudo, Fase I prospective centro único, 11 pacientes portadores de retenção urinária devido à HPB foram tratados por meio da EAP entre agosto de 2009 e novembro de 2011. Exame físico, questionários de sintomas e qualidade de vida (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) e Quality of Life (QoL)), dosagem do antígeno prostático específico (PSA), exames de imagens de ultrassom (US) e ressonância magnética (RM), e estudos urodinâmicos foram realizados antes e 1, 3, 6, e 12 meses depois da EAP. O tamanho da próstata variou de 30 a 90 gramas, e as embolizações foram realizadas com microesferas (Embospheres) de 300-500?m. O sucesso técnico (EAP bilateral) foi atingido em 75%, e o sucesso clínico (retirada do cateter vesical de demora e melhora dos sintomas) foi obtido em 91% (10 de 11 pacientes) dos casos. Síndrome pósembolização manifestou-se com dor leve no períneo, retropúbica e uretral. Não foram observadas complicações maiores. Ao final do primeiro ano de seguimento, sintomas eram leves com a média do IPSS de 2,8 pontos (p = 0,04), a média da QoL era de 0,4 pontos (p = 0,001), a média do PSA diminuiu de 10,1 para 4,3 ng/mL (p = 0,003), a média do volume prostático reduziu de 69,7 para 46,3 gramas (p = 0,002) e de 62 para 42,7 gramas (p = 0,004) medidos por RM e US, respectivamente, a média do pico de fluxo máximo (Qmax) aumentou de 4,2 para 10,8 mL/sec (p = 0,009), a média da pressão detrusora (Pdet) diminuiu de 85,7 para 51,5 cmH2O (p = 0,007), a média do resíduo final pós-miccional diminuiu de 160,5 para 60ml (p = 0,04) e não foi observada disfunção sexual. A EAP para o tratamento da retenção urinária causada por HPB demonstrou ser um procedimento viável, seguro e eficaz, além de poder reduzir o volume prostático em mais de 30% e melhorar os STUB e a qualidade de vidaBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common neoplasm in men and is the main cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the aging male. If left untreated or not effectively treated, can lead to acute urinary retention, incontinence, and urinary tract infections, progressing in severity with age. Despite the development of alternative techniques, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is still considered the gold standard surgical treatment for BPH. However, TURP procedures can be associated with substantial morbidities such as bleeding, irritative urinary symptoms, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory disorders. For this reason, the development of minimally invasive modalities for treatment of BPH has constituted an interesting field of research. The study objectives were: (1) to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the prostatic artery embolization (PAE) in patients with urinary retention due to BPH, (2) to evaluate the percentage of reduction in prostate volume and quality of life after PAE in patients with urinary retention due to BPH. In the present study, a single-center prospective phase I study, 11 patients with urinary retention due to BPH were treated by PAE between August 2009 and November 2011. Physical examination, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QoL), prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurement, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and urodynamic tests were performed at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after PAE. Prostate size ranged from 30 to 90g, and embolizations were performed with 300- 500-?m Embosphere microspheres. Technical success (ie, bilateral PAE) was obtained in 75%, and clinical success (ie, catheter removal and symptom improvement) was obtained in 91% (10 of 11patients) of the cases. Postembolization syndrome manifested as mild pain in the perineum, retropúbica area, and/ or urethra. No major complications were observed. At the first year follow-up, symptoms were mild with the mean IPSS score was 2.8 points (p = 0.04), mean QoL was 0.4 points (p = 0.001), mean PSA decreased from 10.1 to 4.3 ng/mL (p = 0.003), mean prostate volume reduce from 69.7 to 46.3g (p = 0.002) and from 62 to 42.7 (p = 0.004) by MRI and US respectively, maximum urinary flow (Qmax) improved from 4.2 to 10.8 mL/sec (p = 0.009), detrusor pressure (Pdet) decreased from 85.7 to 51.5 cmH2O (p = 0.007), post-void residual decreased from 160.5 to 60ml (p = 0.04) and no erectile dysfunction was observed. PAE for the treatment of urinary retention caused by BPH demonstrated to be a feasible, safe and effective procedure. PAE can reduce the prostate volume greater than 30% and improve clinical symptoms and Qo