Perspective Chapter: Addressing the Learning Management System Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that most face-to-face higher education systems were not prepared to deliver online education. In this book chapter, the authors narrate how a learning management system, which was only used as an optional delivery mode before COVID-19 at a Comprehensive University in Botswana, has become an institutionalised system during and after the COVID-19 crisis. The book chapter clearly demonstrates the performance bottlenecks emanating from both the hardware and software stacks of the learning management system. Furthermore, the authors expound on the detailed end-user challenges by unravelling the varied performance and optimisation techniques used to mitigate the challenges faced