Elämäntapatutkimus kauneudenhoitoalan opiskelijoille

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoitus on selvittää kauneudenhoitoalan opiskelijoiden elämäntapoja ja analysoida niiden vaikutuksia koulussa jaksamiseen sekä opintojen etenemiseen. Opinnäytetyö on tehty yhteistyössä Stadin ammattiopiston kauneudenhoitoalan koulutusyksikön kanssa. Tutkimuksen tavoite on tuoda esille elämäntapojen vaikutus opintoihin, ja mahdollisesti saada nuoret opiskelijat ymmärtämään valintojensa merkitys. Elämäntavat näkyvät väistämättä jokaisen ihmisen arjessa, ja nuorena opitut tavat jatkuvat monesti myös aikuisiällä. Asioiden merkitys on hyvä ymmärtää jo nuorena rakennettaessa tulevaisuutta kouluttautumalla työelämään. Tutkimuksessa kävi ilmi, että elämäntavat vaikuttavat nuorten opintoihin tutkimustulosten perusteella vähemmän kuin ennakko-oletuksena oli. Vastausten mukaan kauneudenhoitoalan opiskelijoiden elämäntavat ovat melko hyvät, eikä heillä juurikaan ole poissaoloja koulusta huonojen elintapojen seurauksena. Kuitenkin esille nousi se, että mikäli poissaoloja koulusta on kertynyt, vaikuttaa se opiskelumotivaatioon ja opintojen etenemiseen. Päällimmäisenä tutkimuksessa nousi esille, että selkein syy poissaoloihin vaikuttaisi tutkimuksen mukaan olevan unenpuute, jota esiintyi noin puolella vastaajista. Suurimmalla osalla opiskelijoista ei ole säännöllistä vuorokausirytmiä, vaikka opiskelu tapahtuu arkipäivisin samaan aikaan. Unen määrän ja laadun koetaan myös vaikuttavan opinnoissa jaksamiseen. Noin puolella vastaajista ei myöskään ole säännöllistä ruokailurytmiä, mutta sen ei koeta kuitenkaan juurikaan vaikuttavan opintoihin negatiivisesti. Tutkimuksen tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää ammatillisissa oppilaitoksissa, kun pyritään ymmärtämään opiskelijoiden opinnoissa jaksamisen syitä sekä opiskelumotivaatiota.Survey of lifestyle habits among beauty care students The purpose of this thesis was to survey the beauty care students’ lifestyle habits and analyse the effects of those habits on the students’ well-being and performance at school. The thesis was done in cooperation with Helsinki Vocational College. The aim of this study was to find out how lifestyle habits affect the studies and hopefully make the young students understand the implications of their choices. The lifestyle choices have a great impact on how we live and the habits adopted early are often carried into adulthood. The significance of one’s choices is important to take into account when getting ready for the future job market. According to the results of this study, lifestyle habits affect the students’ performance less than was assumed. The results showed that the beauty care students’ lifestyle habits are quite good and they did not have many lifestyle related absences from classes. Yet, when absences pile up, it implies problems concerning motivation and advancement in studies. The main finding was that the most common reason for absences is sleep deprivation, which was experienced by half of the students who participated in this study. The majority of the students did not have a regular daily rhythm even though they studied daily at regular times. The quantity and quality of sleep were seen as affecting the studies. About half of the respondents did not have a regular dietary schedule either, but it was not seen as affecting the studies negatively. The results of this study can be used at vocational colleges when trying to understand the issues related to the students’ performance and motivation in studies

Aberrantly Glycosylated IgA1 as a Factor in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy

Predominant or codominant immunoglobulin (Ig) A deposition in the glomerular mesangium characterizes IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Accumulated glomerular IgA is limited to the IgA1 subclass and usually galactose-deficient. This underglycosylated IgA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Recently, antibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1 were found to be well associated with the development of IgAN. Several therapeutic strategies based on corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents have been shown to at least partially suppress the progression of IgAN. On the other hand, several case reports of kidney transplantation or acquired IgA deficiency uncovered a remarkable ability of human kidney to remove mesangial IgA deposition, resulting in the long-term stabilization of kidney function. Continuous exposure to circulating immune complexes containing aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 and sequential immune response seems to be essential in the disease progression of IgAN. Removal of mesangial IgA deposition may be a challenging, but fundamental approach in the treatment of IgAN

化膿レンサ球菌の鼻咽頭感染における自然免疫応答と上皮細胞障害に関する研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : (主査)東京大学教授 村上 善則, 東京大学教授 北 潔, 東京大学特任教授 渡邉 すみ子, 東京大学准教授 四柳 宏, 東京大学特任准教授 神田 浩子University of Tokyo(東京大学

Proton Irradiation Experiment for the X-ray Charge-Coupled Devices of the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image mission onboard the International Space Station: I. Experimental Setup and Measurement of the Charge Transfer Inefficiency

We have investigated the radiation damage effects on a CCD to be employed in the Japanese X-ray astronomy mission including the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Since low energy protons release their energy mainly at the charge transfer channel, resulting a decrease of the charge transfer efficiency, we thus focused on the low energy protons in our experiments. A 171 keV to 3.91 MeV proton beam was irradiated to a given device. We measured the degradation of the charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) as a function of incremental fluence. A 292 keV proton beam degraded the CTI most seriously. Taking into account the proton energy dependence of the CTI, we confirmed that the transfer channel has the lowest radiation tolerance. We have also developed the different device architectures to reduce the radiation damage in orbit. Among them, the ``notch'' CCD, in which the buried channel implant concentration is increased, resulting in a deeper potential well than outside, has three times higher radiation tolerance than that of the normal CCD. We then estimated the charge transfer inefficiency of the CCD in the orbit of ISS, considering the proton energy spectrum. The CTI value is estimated to be 1.1e-5 per each transfer after two years of mission life in the worse case analysis if the highest radiation-tolerant device is employed. This value is well within the acceptable limit and we have confirmed the high radiation-tolerance of CCDs for the MAXI mission.Comment: 17 pages, 2 table, 12 figures. Accepted for publication of Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. High resolution file is available from http://wwwxray.ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/~miyata/paper/proton_cti.pd

Kannattavuuden arviointi yksityismetsätaloudessa

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli kannattavuuden arviointi esimerkkitilalla metsätalouden ohjelmistoja hyödyntäen ja arvioida ohjelmistojen soveltuvuutta yksityismetsätalouden käyttöön. Työn teoriaosuuteen perehdyttiin tutustumalla Suomen metsävaroihin ja metsänomistajarakenteeseen. Met-sätalouden kannattavuuden perustana olivat teoriapohja liittyen metsätalouden tuloihin, menoihin ja verotukseen. Työssä aineistona käytettiin vuonna 2015 laadittua metsäsuunnitelmaa. Tutkimusmenetelminä olivat esimerkkitilan kannattavuuden arviointi Metsätalouden kannattavuuslaskuria ja Motti-ohjelmistoa hyödyntäen. Metsätalouden kannattavuuslaskurin avulla laadittiin yhteenveto metsätilan taloudellisista tunnusluvuista, taselaskelmasta, tuloslaskelmasta ja kassavirran kehityksestä. Motti-ohjelmistolla laadittiin esimerkkitilan edustaville kuvioille kehitysennusteet ja selvitettiin erilaisten metsänkäsittelytoimenpiteiden taloudellista kannattavuutta. Keskimääräinen liiketulos metsätilalla oli 10 073 euroa vuodessa. Metsätilan hehtaarikohtainen liiketulos oli 45 euroa vuodessa. Metsätilan kirjanpidon tulos säilyi positiivisena lukuun ottamatta tarkastelujakson viimeistä vuotta, jolle ei ajoittunut metsäsuunnitelman mukaisia hakkuita. Esimerkkitilalla kannattavuutta voitaisiin parantaa tekemällä osa metsänhoitotöistä omatoimisesti ostopalvelun sijasta. Metsätalouden kannattavuuslaskurin todettiin soveltuvan kannattavuuden tarkasteluun tilatasolla. Metsätalouslaskurin edellyttämä metsäsuunnitelma mahdollistaa mahdollisimman luotettavan kannattavuuden arvioinnin. Epävarmuustekijöinä laskelmissa on rahavirtojen perustuminen pitkän ajan indekseihin. Motti-ohjelmisto soveltuu erilaisten metsänkäsittelyvaihtoehtojen vertailuun ja niistä aiheutuvien kustannusten arviointiin kuviotasolla. Motti-ohjelman epävarmuustekijänä on puuttuva mahdollisuus simuloida luonnon tai ihmisten aiheuttamien tuhojen vaikutusta metsikön kasvuun.The purpose of this thesis was to estimate profitability in a certain forest holding using silvicultural softwares and evaluate their suitability for use in forestry. The theory part handles Finnish forest resources and forest ownership structure. The profitability of forest holdings was based on the theory in incomes, expenses and taxes. The material for the thesis was a forest management plan that was made in 2015. The thesis consisted of the evaluation of the profitability in one forest holding using a profitability calculation programme and Motti-software. With the profitability calculation programme a summary of the financial figures, balance sheets, income statements and cash flow developments in forest holdings was done. Motti-software was used to make development predictions in the representative compartments and estimate the economic viability of silvicultural works. The average business result in the forest holding was 10 073 euros per year. The average business result per hectare was 45 euros. The turnover of the forest holdings remained positive in the whole period expect the last year, because there were no fellings according to the forest management plan. The profitability of the forest holdings can be improved by making part of the silvicultural work on your own instead of buying the service. The Profitability calculation programme was suitable for examining the profitability at the forest holding level. Because the software requires a forest management plan, the profitability can be estimated as reliably as possible. The uncertainty in the calculations is based on long term esti-mates in cash flows. Motti-software is suitable for comparing silvicultural works and fellings at a compartment level. Motti-software does not have an option to simulate natural or human damage to the development of a forest stand

Preimplant factors affecting postimplant CT-determined prostate volume and the CT/TRUS volume ratio after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with 125I free seeds

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim was to identify preimplant factors affecting postimplant prostate volume and the increase in prostate volume after transperineal interstitial prostate brachytherapy with ¹²⁵I free seeds.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We reviewed the records of 180 patients who underwent prostate brachytherapy with ¹²⁵I free seeds for clinical T1/T2 prostate cancer. Eighty-one (45%) of the 180 patients underwent neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. No patient received supplemental external beam radiotherapy. Postimplant computed tomography was undertaken, and postimplant dosimetric analysis was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify preimplant factors affecting postimplant prostate volume by computed tomography and the increase in prostate volume after implantation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Preimplant prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound, serum prostate-specific antigen, number of needles, and number of seeds implanted were significantly correlated with postimplant prostate volume by computed tomography. The increase in prostate volume after implantation was significantly higher in patients with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy than in those without. Preimplant prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound, number of needles, and number of seeds implanted were significantly correlated with the increase in prostate volume after implantation. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that preimplant prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy were significant independent factors affecting both postimplant prostate volume by computed tomography and the increase in prostate volume after implantation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results of the present study show that preimplant prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound and neoadjuvant hormonal therapy are significant preimplant factors affecting both postimplant prostate volume by computed tomography and the increase in prostate volume after implantation.</p