Men under pressure: representations of the `salaryman' and his organization in Japanese manga

In this article we analyse representations of the Japanese salaryman and Japanese organization in Japanese manga, or graphic novels, during the turbulent decades from the mid-1980s to the present day. We argue that manga presents salarymen protagonists in a sympathetic yet not uncritical light, and that it displays support for and criticism of both the Japanese and American organizational models. We describe how these manga offer important critical challenges from the world of popular culture to the direction of change in Japanese business organizations since the 1980s. In addition, we suggest that the manga may also provide salarymen with opportunities for critically re-evaluating their own working situations and for developing methods for surviving and thriving under the pressures of working within contemporary Japanese business organizations

Diagnose nutricional com o uso de sensor óptico ativo em algodoeiro Nutritional diagnosis with the use of active optical sensor in cotton

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta espectral do dossel de plantas à variação de doses de nitrogênio (N) e sua relação com os teores foliares de N, índice de clorofila e produtividade na cultura do algodoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em Chapadão do Sul, MS, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco doses de N: 0, 30, 70, 110 e 150 kg ha-1, divididas em duas aplicações aos 28 e 41 dias após a emergência utilizando-se, como fonte, o fertilizante ureia. As maiores correlações dos índices de clorofila e do índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada com a produtividade foram observadas na quarta leitura, aos 56 dias após a emergência, indicando que neste período a produtividade já pode estar comprometida caso haja falhas no suprimento de N à cultura. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o sensor se torna mais sensível à variação do teor foliar de N conforme a planta se desenvolve mas não quando ela atinge um alto índice de área foliar e começa a entrar em senescência. Concluiu-se, então, que o sensoriamento remoto ao nível terrestre permite estimar indiretamente a quantidade de N absorvido, o índice de clorofila e a produtividade do algodoeiro.<br>This research aimed to evaluate the spectral response to variation of nitrogen levels and its relationship with leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and yield in cotton crop. The experiment was conducted in Chapadão do Céu, MS, in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of five N rates of 0, 30, 70, 110 and 150 kg ha-1, divided in two applications at 28 and 41 days after emergence, using urea fertilizer as a source. The highest correlations of the chlorophyll index and normalized difference vegetation index with yield were observed in the fourth observation, at 56 days after emergence, indicating that in this period, yield may already be compromised if there is shortage in the supply of N to the crop. The results obtained indicated that the sensor becomes more sensitive to variations of nitrogen levels as the crop grows, but not when it reaches a high leaf area index and in the begining of the senescence. It is concluded that ground level remote sensing permits to estimate indirectly the amount of N absorbed, chlorophyll index and cotton yield