Factor analysis of body measurements of local cows of Manipur, India

Eighteen different biometric traits in 250 local cows of Manipur from their breeding zone, i.e. Imphal valley of Manipur, India, were recorded and analyzed by principal component analysis to explain body conformation. The averages of height at withers (HW), body length, heart girth, paunch girth, forehead width, ear length, tail length, switch length, neck circumference, neck length, arm length,  elbow length, fore-shank length, thigh length, hind-shank length, pes length, head length and eye to eye space were 103.92±0.33, 111.34±0.92, 135.34±0.47, 140.31±0.53, 14.90±0.15, 15.24±0.13, 75.50±0.55, 31.04±0.24, 58.61±0.53, 29.95±0.21, 29.34±0.19, 29.88±0.17, 29.59±0.20, 30.32±0.20, 29.88±0.13, 31.65±0.25, 37.30±0.25 and 26.47±0.20 cm, respectively. The correlation coefficients ranged from -0.20 (hind shank length and eye to eye width) to 0.74 (heart girth and paunch girth).  Factor analysis with promax rotation revealed seven factors which explained about 64.31% of the total variation. Factor 1 described the general body conformation and explained 17.74% of total variation. It was represented by significant positive high loading of height at wither, heart girth, paunch girth and ear length. The remaining factors described 11.71%, 8.88%, 7.47%, 6.60%, 6.04% and 5.86% of total variability.  It was necessary to include some more variables for a reliable analysis of factors as there were less than three variables except the first factor in the present study. The communality ranged from 0.493 (elbow length) to 0.782 (neck circumference) and unique factors ranged from 0.507 to 0.218 for all these 18 different biometric traits. The lower communalities for some of the traits like ear length, tail length, arm length, elbow length and thigh length might indicate that these traits were less effective to account for total variation of body conformation as compared to the other traits in local cows of Manipur. The result suggests that principal component analysis (PCA) could be used in breeding programs with a drastic reduction in the number of biometric traits to be recorded to explain body conformation

Production of nano-bentonite and the study of its effect on mutagenesis in bacteria Salmonella typhimurium

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The production of nano-bentonite and its effects on mutation process in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium are studied. It is revealed that nano-bentonite particles essentially differ from bentonite particles in structure, size, and shape. Bentonite particles are cone-shaped and 0.3 to 1.0 μm in size, whereas nanobentonite nanoparticles are oval-shaped and 25 to 95 μm in size. Single particles (less than 10.0%) are irregular polyhedra and 0.6 μm in size. The structure of bentonite consists of separate fragments of constituent minerals composed of packages–lamelee 0.6 μm in size cemented with an amorphous mass. An amorphous mass containing single micrometer-sized packages–lamelee is observed in the structure of the nano-bentonite. It is determined that nano-bentonite does not possess mutagenic activity on microorganisms. The study of antimutagenic potential of nano-bentonite reveals that it possesses a moderate inhibitory effect on mutagenesis caused by mitomycin C, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and ethyl methanesulphonate, but does not inhibit genotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrate that nano-bentonite is nongenotoxic and can be used for the development of next-generation safe nanotechnological materials

Problems of Sustainable Development of Russian Fishing Industry in the Concept of Rational Nature Management of Arctic Resources

In recent years, special attention has been paid to the issues of rational nature management and ecological state of the natural environment of the Arctic zone, given the important economic, social and environmental role of this region. The active industrial development of the Arctic zone unambiguously leads to a change in the living conditions of marine biological resources. The Arctic plays an important role in Russian fisheries. The paper considers the conceptual provisions of rational nature management in the conditions of industrial development of the Russian Arctic and identifies the problems and conditions for sustainable development of the Russian fisheries

Production of nano-bentonite and the study of its effect on mutagenesis in bacteria Salmonella typhimurium

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The production of nano-bentonite and its effects on mutation process in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium are studied. It is revealed that nano-bentonite particles essentially differ from bentonite particles in structure, size, and shape. Bentonite particles are cone-shaped and 0.3 to 1.0 μm in size, whereas nanobentonite nanoparticles are oval-shaped and 25 to 95 μm in size. Single particles (less than 10.0%) are irregular polyhedra and 0.6 μm in size. The structure of bentonite consists of separate fragments of constituent minerals composed of packages–lamelee 0.6 μm in size cemented with an amorphous mass. An amorphous mass containing single micrometer-sized packages–lamelee is observed in the structure of the nano-bentonite. It is determined that nano-bentonite does not possess mutagenic activity on microorganisms. The study of antimutagenic potential of nano-bentonite reveals that it possesses a moderate inhibitory effect on mutagenesis caused by mitomycin C, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and ethyl methanesulphonate, but does not inhibit genotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrate that nano-bentonite is nongenotoxic and can be used for the development of next-generation safe nanotechnological materials

Effect of high-protein fermentation amaranth feed on the functional and technological properties of milk as raw materials for cheese production

Improving the quality of raw milk for the production of cheese in the autumn-winter period is one of the important tasks of biotechnology. It can be solved by improving the quality of feed, as they directly affect the functional and technological properties of raw milk. Amaranth silo obtained from the green mass of amaranth by canning using the developed starter culture was used in the diet of lactating cows. Scientific and economic experience was carried out on the basis of peasant farms II Korovnikov, Khokholsky district of Voronezh region. Milk was obtained from two groups of dairy cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed with an average productivity of 4200 kg of milk, selected on the basis of analogues. The diets of the experimental and control groups in accordance with the accepted experimental scheme included canned food from the green mass of amaranth and corn. Cows were fed for 105 days and evaluated the functional and technological properties of raw milk. The results of the study of the functional and technological properties of raw milk obtained from cows, in the diet of which in the autumn-winter period included high-protein canned food from amaranth, are presented. It was found that the replacement of traditional corn silage with amaranth contributed to an increase in the most important components of raw milk for cheese production: mass fraction of protein – by 0.2% (including mass fraction of casein fraction by 0.13%) and mass fraction of fat – by 0.38%. Veterinary health indicators of raw milk have also improved. In the experimental group, there was a decrease in the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (KMAFAnM) in relation to the control by 5.6%, which correlated with a decrease in the acidity of milk

Comparative characteristics of qualitative indicators of amaranth and corn silage

Silage is the main juicy food and a source of vitamins for animals in the winter-stall period. In order to expand the range of forage crops for the production of high – protein silage in the work used non-traditional forage culture amaranth, which is the content of protein balanced by the number of essential amino acids (especially lysine, methionine and tryptophanus), oils, micro – and macro-elements, vitamins and biologically active substances far superior to traditional forage plants, including legumes. Amaranth belongs to the group of plants hard-ensilage because the level of sugar in its green mass does not exceed the minimum required for the silage process, but the use of starter cultures, contributing to the creation of optimal conditions for the normal flow of fermentation processes, can solve this problem. The comparative characteristic of qualitative indicators of a silo from amaranth paniculate and from maize as raw materials of the most widespread for preparation of green forages is carried out in work. It is established that in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of seeds amaranth has the best technological properties for silage harvesting, as the total loss of nutrients in the silage of amaranth in this phase is minimal. The content of "raw" protein, which is an important indicator in the conditions of protein deficiency in traditional fodder crops, in the amaranth silage of paniculata is almost 2 times higher than in the corn silage. Based on the evaluation of the quality of silage on dry matter content, organic acids, crude protein, degree of acidity and organoleptic indicators it can be concluded that the silage of amaranth is more balanced in terms of key indicators of quality compared to corn silage

Production of nano-bentonite and the study of its effect on mutagenesis in bacteria Salmonella typhimurium

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.The production of nano-bentonite and its effects on mutation process in the strains of Salmonella typhimurium are studied. It is revealed that nano-bentonite particles essentially differ from bentonite particles in structure, size, and shape. Bentonite particles are cone-shaped and 0.3 to 1.0 μm in size, whereas nanobentonite nanoparticles are oval-shaped and 25 to 95 μm in size. Single particles (less than 10.0%) are irregular polyhedra and 0.6 μm in size. The structure of bentonite consists of separate fragments of constituent minerals composed of packages–lamelee 0.6 μm in size cemented with an amorphous mass. An amorphous mass containing single micrometer-sized packages–lamelee is observed in the structure of the nano-bentonite. It is determined that nano-bentonite does not possess mutagenic activity on microorganisms. The study of antimutagenic potential of nano-bentonite reveals that it possesses a moderate inhibitory effect on mutagenesis caused by mitomycin C, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and ethyl methanesulphonate, but does not inhibit genotoxic potential of hydrogen peroxide. The results demonstrate that nano-bentonite is nongenotoxic and can be used for the development of next-generation safe nanotechnological materials