Trans fatty acid isomers and the trans-9/trans-11 index in fat containing foods

To determine trans fatty acid (TFA) distribution of contemporary foods, especially regarding individual trans octadecenoic acids (trans C18:1), 339 German foods of six categories (semi-solid fats, deep-fried potato products, bakery products, confectioneries, instant products and butter) were analysed using two GC methods. Results showed a high variation of TFA content between and within the categories containing between 0 and 40.5% of FAME except in butter, which is a source of natural TFA. The mean TFA values were below 2.0% of FAME, however, bakery products contained 4.5% and butter fat 3.2%, respectively. In addition, the distribution of individual trans C18:1 differed. In samples containing ruminant fat (butter and various confectioneries), vaccenic acid (t11-C18:1, t11) predominated, while in foods containing industrially hydrogenated fats, elaidic acid (trans-9, t9-) and t10-C18:1 were the major trans isomers.. This was reflected by a low t9/t11 index of 0.3 and 0.5 in butter and ruminant fat containing confectioneries, respectively, whilst the highest index was observed in shortenings and deep-fried potato products at 5.2 and 6.8, respectively. In conclusion, the TFA content of foods available on the German market is generally declining, but substantial variations are present. The t9/t11 index could be used as an indicator to determine ruminant fat

Randomized controlled study of the effect of a butter naturally enriched in trans fatty acids on blood lipids in healthy women123

Background: Whereas the negative effect of consuming trans fatty acids found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is well established, the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminant sources (rTFAs) on CVD risk factors has not yet been established, particularly among women

Étude de l'impact des acides gras trans de source naturelle sur les lipoprotéines plasmatiques

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2007-2008.Les acides gras trans (AGT) sont formés lors d'un processus industriel d'hydrogénation des huiles végétales insaturées, mais aussi de façon naturelle par les bactéries présentes dans le rumen des ruminants. Alors que la consommation d'AGT d'origine industrielle a été associée à une augmentation du risque de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV), les effets de la consommation d'AGT d'origine naturelle demeurent inconnus. L'objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de mieux comprendre les effets de la consommation d'AGT de source naturelle sur les facteurs de risque de MCV. L'objectif de l'étude était de comparer les effets de différentes quantités d'AGT naturels et industriels sur les lipoprotéines plasmatiques chez l'humain. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que la consommation d'AGT naturels pourrait avoir des effets néfastes sur le profil lipidique, mais que des apports correspondant à la limite maximale pouvant être consommée par la population semblent avoir des effets neutres sur les lipoprotéines plasmatique

Acute Effects of Polyphenols from Cranberries and Grape Seeds on Endothelial Function and Performance in Elite Athletes

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