A Coverage Monitoring algorithm based on Learning Automata for Wireless Sensor Networks

To cover a set of targets with known locations within an area with limited or prohibited ground access using a wireless sensor network, one approach is to deploy the sensors remotely, from an aircraft. In this approach, the lack of precise sensor placement is compensated by redundant de-ployment of sensor nodes. This redundancy can also be used for extending the lifetime of the network, if a proper scheduling mechanism is available for scheduling the active and sleep times of sensor nodes in such a way that each node is in active mode only if it is required to. In this pa-per, we propose an efficient scheduling method based on learning automata and we called it LAML, in which each node is equipped with a learning automaton, which helps the node to select its proper state (active or sleep), at any given time. To study the performance of the proposed method, computer simulations are conducted. Results of these simulations show that the pro-posed scheduling method can better prolong the lifetime of the network in comparison to similar existing method

Augmenting trabeculectomy in glaucoma with subconjunctival mitomycin C versus subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil: a randomized clinical trial

Ali MostafaeiNikoukari Ophthalmology University Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of augmenting trabeculectomy with subconjunctival mitomycin C (TMMC) versus 5-fluorouracil (T5-FU) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: Forty eyes from 40 patients referred to the Nikoukari Ophthalmology University Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Patients with high-risk open angle glaucoma were allocated to receive either subconjunctival TMMC or T5-FU.Results: Mean overall preoperative IOP was 30.8 mmHg. Mean preoperative IOPs in the TMMC and T5-FU groups were 31.2 ± 9.8 and 30.6 ± 9.9 mmHg, respectively. Postoperatively, mean IOPs were 11.4.3 ± 4.9 and 13.6 ± 3.9 mmHg, respectively for TMMC and T5-FU groups after 6 months. In spite of some existing descriptive differences in IOP between the groups, statistical tests showed no difference in mean and median IOP. Three cases of hypotonia (IOP < 6 mmHg) and 1 case of epithelial keratitis were detected.Conclusion: TMMC and T5-FU appeared to have similar efficacy in lowering IOP.Keywords: glaucoma, trabeculectomy, mitomycin C, 5-fluorouraci

SDN-enabled Resource Provisioning Framework for Geo-Distributed Streaming Analytics

Geographically distributed (geo-distributed) datacenters for stream data processing typically comprise multiple edges and core datacenters connected through Wide-Area Network (WAN) with a master node responsible for allocating tasks to worker nodes. Since WAN links significantly impact the performance of distributed task execution, the existing task assignment approach is unsuitable for distributed stream data processing with low latency and high throughput demand. In this paper, we propose SAFA, a resource provisioning framework using the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) concept with an SDN controller responsible for monitoring the WAN, selecting an appropriate subset of worker nodes, and assigning tasks to the designated worker nodes. We implemented the data plane of the framework in P4 and the control plane components in Python. We tested the performance of the proposed system on Apache Spark, Apache Storm, and Apache Flink using the Yahoo! streaming benchmark on a set of custom topologies. The results of the experiments validate that the proposed approach is viable for distributed stream processing and confirm that it can improve at least 1.64× the processing time of incoming events of the current stream processing systems.</p

A Feminist Reading of East of Eden by John Steinbeck

East of Eden one of the most controversial works by John Steinbeck since its publication up to now has been receptive to many critical discourses in almost all of the critical approaches. One of the most important reasons to this critical reception is its wide circle of themes and symbolic nature. Having created a world full of universal values, Steinbeck succeeded to challenge many of these values. This paper tries to examine East of Eden with regard to feminist approach. By an over view of the main female characters in the novel especially Cathy Ames as devil incarnate and also the relationship between male and female characters, this paper intends to go through the issue much more deeply and find the dominant viewpoint dominating the whole atmosphere of the novel toward the expected role of women in society and family

PRIMJENA MAGNETOMETRIJE U ISTRAŽIVANJU LEŽIŠTA BAKRA TIPA MANTO, MEYAMI, IRAN

This study has aimed to introduce a novel strategy for exploring the Manto-Michigan copper deposits, considered a principal copper resource after the porphyry type. Faults and crushed zones have a prominent role in this deposit type, and so we hope to detect unique patterns in magnetic responses that provide a helpful indicator to determine the mineralized zone. Accordingly, we want to test the magnetometry in Manto-type exploration. We performed a magnetometry survey in the Dochileh copper deposit that other researchers have claimed to be a Manto-Michigan type with a distance of 10 meters between survey lines and a spacing of 5 meters among stations on each profile. After processing the required maps, the residual magnetic map does not show any typical dipole magnetic anomaly, but some linear trends exist. One of those linear trends belongs to a faulted and crushed zone with a length of almost 2.5 km and different widths between 50 and 250 meters. The previous mineralized zones indicated by other prospectors who relied more on geological evidence in the Dochileh area have mostly stayed inside this negative value on the residual map. Four new boreholes were made in the negative anomaly to evaluate our hypothesis, and the derived cores confirmed the native copper, malachite, and cuprite mineralization.Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio primijeniti novu strategiju za istraživanje ležišta bakra tipa Manto-Michigan, koji se smatraju glavnim resursom bakra nakon ležišta porfirnoga tipa. S obzirom na to da rasjedi i zdrobljene zone imaju istaknutu ulogu u ovoj vrsti naslaga, očekivana je pojava jedinstvenih magnetskih obrazaca kao pokazatelja zone mineralizacije. U skladu s tim, testirana je magnetometrija u istraživanju ove vrste ležišta bakra Dochileh, tipa Manto-Michigan. Linije istraživanja bile su udaljene 10 metara uz razmak od 5 metara između stanica na svakome profilu. Nakon kartiranja karta magnetskih reziduala nije pokazala nikakvu dipolnu anomaliju, ali su zabilježeni određeni linearni trendovi. Jedan od njih pripada rasjednoj i zdrobljenoj zoni duljine gotovo 2,5 km i širine između 50 i 250 metara. Prethodno opisane mineralizirane zone, izdvojene na temelju geologije područja Dochileh, uglavnom se podudaraju s negativnim vrijednostima na karti reziduala. Načinjene su četiri nove ocjenske bušotine u granicama negativne anomalije, a izvedene jezgre potvrdile su mineralizacije bakra, malahita i kuprita

TEL: Low-Latency Failover Traffic Engineering in Data Plane

Modern network applications demand low-latency traffic engineering in the presence of network failure while preserving the quality of service constraints like delay and capacity. Fast Re-Route (FRR) mechanisms are widely used for traffic re-routing purposes in failure scenarios. Control plane FRR typically computes the backup forwarding rules to detour the traffic in the data plane when the failure occurs. This mechanism could be computed in the data plane with the emergence of programmable data planes. In this paper, we propose a system (called TEL) that contains two FRR mechanisms, namely, TEL-C and TEL-D. The first one computes backup forwarding rules in the control plane, satisfying max-min fair allocation. The second mechanism provides FRR in the data plane. Both algorithms require minimal memory on programmable data planes and are well-suited with modern line rate match-action forwarding architectures (e.g., PISA). We implement both mechanisms on P4 programmable software switches (e.g., BMv2 and Tofino) and measure their performance on various topologies. The obtained results from a datacenter topology show that our FRR mechanism can improve the flow completion time up to 4.6x$-$7.3x (i.e., small flows) and 3.1x$-$12x (i.e., large flows) compared to recirculation-based mechanisms, such as F10, respectively

Detecting the adulteration in apple vinegar using olfactory machine coupled PCA and ANN methods

Nowadays, the number of food adulteration cases is increasing sharply for reasons such as population growth, increasing demand and profitability of suppliers. Mixing apple vinegar with white vinegar and acetic acid are the most common methods of cheating on the market in Iran. In this study, an electrical olfactory system was used to detect pure apple vinegar from acetic acid and white vinegar. The data obtained from the sensors were analyzed by PCA and ANN methods after preprocessing. Based on the results, TGS822 and MQ136 sensors showed the highest response to odor of samples of vinegar mixed with acetic acid and white vinegar, respectively. Also, the confusion matrix obtained from ANN analysis for different levels of adulteration with acetic acid and white vinegar showed correct classification rate of 93.3% and 94.7%, respectively

RIFO: Pushing the Efficiency of Programmable Packet Schedulers

Packet scheduling is a fundamental networking task that recently received renewed attention in the context of programmable data planes. Programmable packet scheduling systems such as those based on Push-In First-Out (PIFO) abstraction enabled flexible scheduling policies, but are too resource-expensive for large-scale line rate operation. This prompted research into practical programmable schedulers (e.g., SP-PIFO, AIFO) approximating PIFO behavior on regular hardware. Yet, their scalability remains limited due to extensive number of memory operations. To address this, we design an effective yet resource-efficient packet scheduler, Range-In First-Out (RIFO), which uses only three mutable memory cells and one FIFO queue per PIFO queue. RIFO is based on multi-criteria decision-making principles and uses small guaranteed admission buffers. Our large-scale simulations in Netbench demonstrate that despite using fewer resources, RIFO generally achieves competitive flow completion times across all studied workloads, and is especially effective in workloads with a significant share of large flows, reducing flow completion time up to 2.9x in Datamining workloads compared to state-of-the-art solutions. Our prototype implementation using P4 on Tofino switches requires only 650 lines of code, is scalable, and runs at line rate

Origin of the Significant Impact of Ta on the Creep Resistance of FeCrNi Alloys

Heat resistant FeCrNi alloys are widely used in the petrochemical industry because they exhibit a unique combination of creep and oxidation resistance at temperatures exceeding 900$^\circ$C. Their creep properties are often optimized by micro-additions of carbide forming elements. In the present work, the influence of Ta micro-additions has been experimentally investigated both on as-cast and aged microstructures to understand the origin of the significant impact of this element on the creep resistance. Calculations with thermocal software were also carried out to support experimental data. It is shown that a small addition of Ta is beneficial as it increases the volume fraction of stable MC carbides. We demonstrate also that additions of Ta may have a dramatic effect on the thermal stability of microstructures. This is attributed to a smaller equilibrium volume fraction of M23C6 and more pronounced heterogeneous precipitation at MC/matrix interfaces. The influence on the creep properties in then discussed