Effect of naloxone on seizure duration after electroshock therapy (ECT

ECT is a process in which a generalized seizure is induced by passing electrical current for 25 to 150 seconds through the brain under general anesthesia. It is a highly effective treatment for major depression, mania and schizophrenia. Seizure is terminated by active inhibitory processes. The inhibition of seizure is due to the production of endogenous opioids. Naloxone, as an opioid antagonist, may lessen the effect of endogenous opioids. This clinical trial study was conducted to determine the effect of naloxone on length of the seizure. Sixty patients (30 male and 30 female), who met the diagnostic criteria were included in this study. The control group comprised of 30 patients, received ECT without naloxone, and the experimental group comprised of 30 patients, received ECT and 2 mg naloxone (i.v.). Duration of seizure was compared between two groups by t-test. The mean of seizure length was 21.3s in the control and 27.8s in the experimental group. Therefore naloxone can be used for lengthening of seizure and consequently for improving its treatment benefit

Relationship between staff burnout and mental health in staff of nuclear energy organization, Isfahan

امروزه یکی از عوامل اساسی در کاهش کارآیی و از دست رفتن نیروی انسانی فرسودگی شغلی کارکنان است. در این پژوهش فرسودگی شغلی و رابطه آن با سلامت روان روی کارکنان مرکز تحقیقات و تولید سوخت هسته ای اصفهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه مورد بررسی تعداد 102 نفر از 138 نفر پرسنل مرکز تحقیقات هسته ای اصفهان بودند. روش پژوهش نوع پیمایشی (Survey study) و ابزار پژوهش شامل دو آزمون و یک چک لیست ویژگی های دموگرافیک بود. آزمون اول آزمون فرسودگی شغلی MBI و آزمون دوم آزمون GHQ-28 بود که سلامت روان را مورد سنجش قرار می داد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که رابطه معنی داری بین فرسودگی شغلی و سلامت روان در بین کارکنان این مجتمع وجود دارد. همبستگی بدست آمده بین این دو متغیر برابر با (R=-0.6) که در سطح آماری (

Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation Using Nanobone® and Easy-Grafttm Crystal: A Split-Mouth Clinical Trial

Maxillary sinus floor elevation is an effective method for bone augmentation in the posterior maxilla. Due to the limitations of autogenous bone grafts, bone substitutes are often used for this purpose. This study sought to compare the histologic and histomorphometric results of using NanoBone® and easy-graft™CRYSTAL for maxillary sinus floor elevation. This randomized double-blind split-mouth clinical trial was conducted on nine healthy patients requiring bilateral (n=18) sinus floor augmentation. Dental implants were placed six months after sinus floor elevation. Biopsy samples were taken at the time of implant surgery and analyzed using HistoMorphoMeter Ver.1.0 software. Histomorphometric analysis indicated that NanoBone® and easy-graft™ residues accounted for 32.71±10.39% and 26.61±9.48% of the bioptical volume, respectively. The amount of new bone formation was 25.29±7.29% and 18.69±5.63% in the NanoBone® and easy-graft™ groups, respectively. Paired samples t-test showed significant differences between the two groups in this respect (P=0.0001). Wellmineralized regenerated bone with lamellar parallel-fibered structure and Haversian systems surrounded the particles in both groups. Both tested materials yielded acceptable histological outcomes six months after surgery. NanoBone® caused superior new bone formation. Although longer follow-ups and larger sample size are needed, these preliminary results encourage further research in this respect

Histomorphometric and Histologic Evaluation of Nano-HA with and without PRGF in Bilateral Sinus Lift Augmentation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Positive results were reported after application of plasma-rich in growth factors (PRGF) in sinus elevation augmentations. Furthermore, PRGF products are available in different formulations and using them along with different graft biomaterials possibly induces bone formation and remodeling. This study assessed the histologic and histomorphometric results of NanoBone® biomaterial with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations. Materials and Methods: In this randomized split-mouth clinical trial, 10 patients who needed sinus floor elevation were selected and activated liquid PRGF was obtained through centrifuge of their blood. The space between alveolar process and sinus floor were filled with NanoBone® + PRGF (test site) or NanoBone® alone (control site) post-surgery. After 6 months, the implants were inserted in the regions and bone specimens were obtained using trephine burs. The sections were prepared by the standard techniques and bone remodeling was examined in both groups. The data were subjected to paired t test. Results: In case sites, the mean new bone formation percentages were 30.29%±8.54 and 30.84% ±6.76 in control sites. The mean remnant particles were 26.16%±10.03 and 26.18%±10.09 in case and control sites respectively. No significant differences were noted between case and control sites regarding mean new bone formation and remnant particles. Chronic inflammation was noted in all specimens with dominant range of 10-30%. The giant cells were evident and all specimens showed bones of lamellar and woven types. Conclusion: Although no significant differences existed between the sites filling using NanoBone® with and without PRGF in bilateral sinus augmentations, the results are probably related to the lengthy time periods for specimen preparation and the type of bone materials used. Conclusion was that PRGF did not induce bone formation in the aforementioned period of time

The relationship between ultra processed food consumption and premature coronary artery disease: Iran premature coronary artery disease study (IPAD)

BackgroundUltra-processed foods (UPF) consumption may affect the risk of PCAD through affecting cardio metabolic risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the association between UPFs consumption and premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).MethodsA case–control study was conducted on 2,354 Iranian adults (≥ 19 years). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 110-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and foods were classified based on the NOVA system, which groups all foods according to the nature, extent and purposes of the industrial processes they undergo. PCAD was defined as having an stenosis of at least single coronary artery equal and above 75% or left main coronary of equal or more than 50% in women less than 70 and men less than 60 years, determined by angiography. The odds of PCAD across the tertiles of UPFs consumption were assessed by binary logistic regression.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the top tertile of UPFs were twice as likely to have PCAD compared with those in the bottom tertile (OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.97–3.23). Moreover, those in the highest tertile of the UPFs consumption had more than two times higher risk for having severe PCAD than those in the first tertile (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 2.16–3.22). In addition, there was a significant upward trend in PCAD risk and PCAD severity as tertiles increased (P-trend < 0.001 for all models).ConclusionHigher consumption of UPFs was related to increased risk of PCAD and higher chance of having severe PCAD in Iranian adults. Although, future cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of this study, these findings indicated the necessity of reducing UPFs intake

The relationship between nut consumption and premature coronary artery disease in a representative sample of Iranians; Iran-premature coronary artery disease study (I-PAD)

Abstract Objective: The cardioprotective effects of nuts are well established. However, the positive impacts of nuts in preventing cardiovascular disease at a younger age, a condition known as premature coronary artery disease (PCAD), is still debated. Therefore, we aim to determine the association between nuts and PCAD occurrence and its severity in different Iranian ethnicities. Design: This case-control study was conducted within the framework of the IPAD, an ongoing multi-centric study on Iranian patients of different ethnicities. Setting: This multicentric case-control study was conducted in among 3253 persons under the age of 70 years in women and 60 years in men from different ethnicities in Iran. Participants: Information on nut consumption was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were selected from among the candidates for angiography. Cases were those whose coronary angiography showed stenosis of more than 75% in at least one vessel or more than 50% of the left main artery, while the control group participants had normal angiography results. Results: In the crude model, compared to the first quartile, the highest quartile of nut consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCAD (OR=0.26, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.32; P for trend= 0.001). In the top quartile of nut intake, a substantial decrease in PCAD was observed after controlling for putative confounders (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.43; P trend= 0.001). Additionally, a 75% decrease in the risk of severe PCAD was observed in the participants in the highest quartile of nut intake. Conclusion: A significant inverse association was observed between nut intake and the risk and severity of PCAD in the Iranian population. Large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm these findings

Ethnic differences in the lifestyle behaviors and premature coronary artery disease: a multi-center study

Background: Diverse ethnic groups that exist in Iran may differ regarding the risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and family history of non-communicable disease. Premature Coronary Artery Disease (PCAD) is more endemic in Iran than before. This study sought to assess the association between ethnicity and lifestyle behaviors in eight major Iranian ethnic groups with PCAD. Methods: In this study, 2863 patients aged ≤ 70 for women and ≤ 60 for men who underwent coronary angiography were recruited in a multi-center framework. All the patients’ demographic, laboratory, clinical, and risk factor data were retrieved. Eight large ethnicities in Iran, including the Farses, the Kurds, the Turks, the Gilaks, the Arabs, the Lors, the Qashqai, and the Bakhtiari were evaluated for PCAD. Different lifestyle components and having PCAD were compared among the ethnical groups using multivariable modeling. Results: The mean age of the 2863 patients participated was 55.66 ± 7.70 years. The Fars ethnicity with 1654 people, was the most subject in this study. Family history of more than three chronic diseases (1279 (44.7%) was the most common risk factor. The Turk ethnic group had the highest prevalence of ≥ 3 simultaneous lifestyle-related risk factors (24.3%), and the Bakhtiari ethnic group had the highest prevalence of no lifestyle-related risk factors (20.9%). Adjusted models showed that having all three abnormal lifestyle components increased the risk of PCAD (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.06). The Arabs had the most chance of getting PCAD among other ethnicities (OR = 2.26, 95%CI: 1.40–3.65). While, the Kurds with a healthy lifestyle showed the lowest chance of getting PCAD (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.05–3.67)). Conclusions: This study found there was heterogeneity in having PACD and a diverse distribution in its well-known traditional lifestyle-related risk factors among major Iranian ethnic groups

Ethnicity based differences in statin use and hypercholesterolemia control among patients with premature coronary artery disease-results of I-PAD study

Background: Statins use is the most important treatment for high LDL cholesterol in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous reports have shown racial and gender differences in statin use in the general population, but this wasn't studied in premature CAD based on different ethnicities. Methods and results: Our study includes 1917 men and women with confirmed diagnosis of premature CAD. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the high LDL cholesterol control in the groups and the OR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported as the effect size. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of controlling LDL in women taking Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin were 0.27 (0.03, 0.45) lower in comparison with men. Also, in participant who took 3 types of statins, the odds of controlling LDL were significantly different between Lor and Arab compared with Fars ethnicity. After adjustment to all confounders (full model), the odds of controlling LDL were lower for Gilak in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 0.64 (0.47, 0.75); 0.61 (0.43, 0.73); 0.63 (0.46, 0.74) respectively and higher for Arab in Lovastatin, Rosuvastatin, and Simvastatin by 4.63 (18.28, 0.73); 4.67 (17.47, 0.74); 4.55 (17.03, 0.71) respectively compared to Fars. Conclusions: Major differences in different gender and ethnicities may have had led to disparities in statin use and LDL control. Awareness of the statins impact on high LDL cholesterol based on different ethnicities can help health decision-makers to close the observed gaps in statin use and control LDL to prevent CAD problems