Assessing the impacts of “Feed-in tariffs Vs. Net metering” in deploying solar market in Egypt

In recent years, Egypt isn’t only experiencing one of its hardest fuel shortages and blackouts,with the country’s deficiency in supplying industries and communities with the needed power (Kandil, Saadawi, Saeed, & Hassan, 2015) But also, in the last three decades the consumption of electric energy rate has increased on average 7% per year in Egypt. Hence, diversification of energy sources such as renewable energy technologies application is inevitable to satisfy the continuous demand on energy (El-Kholy&Faried, 2011). Egypt started initiating renewable energy strategy, which aims to rise the dependency on renewable energies up to 20% of the total energy production by 2020 (Kandil, Saadawi, Saeed, & Hassan, 2015). Thus, in this study, it will measure the impact of different solar electricity approaches “Feed in tariffs Vs. Net metering” for the highest residential electricity tier, to tackle the effect of each on spreading the implementation of solar energy in the Egyptian market. The pros and cons of each approach is examined in order to estimate which approach is the optimal for Egypt’s circumstances. Ultimately, the mathematical calculations showed very promising results in favor of net metering for householders in offsetting their electricity bills. Still, this study suggests some recommendations for the Egyptian net metering scheme to avoid other countries’ mistakes

Oral itraconazole combined with local isoconazole in the treatment chronic candida vulvovaginitis

Background: Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis is a major problem and common with poor quality of life from itching and discharge and it is difficult to treat because fungi are slow growers.Methods: Two hundred cases recruited from JAM clinic in Benha city, Egypt divided into two groups to study combination of oral itraconazole and local isoconazole in comparison with the use of local isoconazole only in chronic monilial vulvovaginitis and main outcome was relief of symptoms and signs with absent laboratory evidence of monilial infection by culture. Group one included 100 cases treated with combined oral itraconazole with three alternate days dose of local isoconazole (gynotrazonagen) and group two (local isoconazole only) included 100 cases treated with local isoconazole ovules on alternate days for 3 doses and week period.Results: Regarding the cure rate there were 90 clinically cured rate in the combined group compared to 70 in the local treatment group with p value of 0.0004 which was a very high statistically significant difference. Clinical cure included alleviation of the symptoms of discharge dysuria dyspareunia burning itching with also by clinical examination cure and disappearance of redness erythema edema fissures with absent pseudomycelia by microscopic examination. Usually, a symptom score of less than 2 is a positive one. Regarding the laboratory cure which means absent or negative candida culture on Sabaraud agar medium there were a laboratory cure rate of 84 out of 100 in the combined treatment group compared to 65 out of 100 in the local treatment group with p value of 0.002 and a high statistically significant difference.Conclusions: Oral itraconazole combined with local isoconazole is highly effective in treating chronic monilial vulvovaginitis

Antioxidants containing selenium impact on unexplained oligohydramnios

ABSTRACTBackground: Oligohydramnios is a significant morbidity during pregnancy that may affect fetal growth and functions and the presented work was an effort to test the addition of selenium for the correction and regaining normal liquor.Methods: Cases recruited from those attending Zinat al-Hayat hospitals and diagnosed with unexplained oligohydramnios after exclusion of prom postdates pregnancy induced hypertension Then final 100 cases divided into two groups group one control: 50 controls that followed healthy diet and a positive mindset only group two cases: 50 who followed healthy lifestyle plus adding selenium ace tablets once daily. Cases and controls followed by ultrasound evaluation with calculation of AFI and fetal weight.Results: Regarding improvement in amniotic index to be more than 5, there were 40 cases out of 50 in cases compared to 25 in controls with p=0.001 a high statistical difference that signified positive impact on the amount of amniotic fluid, regarding amniotic fluid particle diameter it was present in 22 out of 50 in controls compared to 8 only in cases with p=0.002,Regarding birth weight of, more than 2500 gm. there were 20 out of 50 in controls compared to 35 out of 50 in cases with intervention and p=0.002. Regarding APGAR score below 6 there were 15 in controls compared to only 3 in cases with p=0.001, regarding neonatal incubation there were 10 in controls compared to one in selenium group with p=0.004.Conclusions: adding selenium ace tablets in cases of unexplained oligohydramnios had a promising result and a positive impact on amniotic fluid index and neonatal outcome

Ultrasonic predictors of good ovarian response in infertile poly cystic ovarian disease patients

Background: Polycystic ovaries is a common endocrinal ovulatory dysfunction; the presented work presented a ultrasonographic predictor markers with scoring system to predict pregnancy rate in PCO. Methods: The presented work is controlled trial comparing two different sets of uterine and ovarian ultrasound markers, done at Zinat Alhyat hospital in Benha Egypt. 100 participants divided into two groups induced for ovulation with minimal stimulation protocol in both, 6 different ultrasonic parameter calculated after induction of ovulation in known PCO  patients, Group one with collective ultrasound score more than 6,Group two with ultrasound marker score of less than 6. Results: Regarding the chemical pregnancy when HCG become more than 25 there were 40 out of 50 chemically pregnant in comparison to 25 out of 50 in the second arm with score less than 6 and a p value of 0.001 and a statistically significant difference ,Regarding the clinical pregnancy rate there were 35 cases with proved gestational sacs by ultrasound out of 50 in group one with score more than 6 compared to 18 cases out of 50 in the second group and p value of 0.0007 which was a high significant difference. Regarding miscarriage rate there were one 1 cases out of 35 in group one compared to 5 aborted cases out of 18 in group 2 with p value of 0.006. Conclusions: Certain ultrasonic parameters 3 ovarian and 3 uterine can be highly correlated with ovulation and pregnancy rates in infertile PCO patients.

Impact of IFRS adoption on stock performance and financial indicators: a comparative study between Germany and the UK

The compulsory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in Europe has been one of the most important developments in the accounting and finance literature in the last couple of years. IFRSs have promised to provide more accurate and transparent financial statements, and hence to be more value-relevant to investors than local GAAP. Because there are broadly two different accounting systems in force in Europe: the accounting system adopted in common-law countries and the accounting system adopted in code-law countries and because the nature and concept of each accounting system is entirely different, researchers believe that the compulsory adoption of IFRSs in Europe will have different impacts on European countries that fall under each category. The objective of this thesis is to explore the impact of the movement to IFRSs in Europe on share prices, trading volume of shares and financial ratios of listed companies in Germany, as a case study of code-law countries, and the UK, as a case study of common-law countries. Using 8 years of data, which cover the period from 2000 to 2007 and incorporate time periods pre and post IFRSs adoption in Europe, this thesis empirically investigates three main issues. First, it examines whether the adoption of IFRSs has an impact on share prices in the two different environments of accounting systems. Second, the thesis evaluates the impact of IFRSs adoption on financial indicators in the two different environments. Third, the thesis evaluates the impact of the movement towards IFRSs in Europe on the trading volume of shares in the two different environments. For the first issue, several multiple regression models were employed based on Ohlson and modified Ohlson models. The results from the analysis indicate that the adoption of I FRSs was value-relevant in both Germany and the UK, with a greater relative impact in the UK. For the second issue, both univariate and multivariate techniques based on ANOVA tests and different logistic regression models were adopted. Generally speaking, the results from this analysis demonstrate that IFRSs adoption had an impact on some financial indicators and that the impact is higher in Germany than in the UK. As for the third issue, logistic regression was employed to study the pattern of trading volume of stock before and after IFRSs adoption in both Germany and the UK. The results of this analysis showed a great impact of IFRSs adoption on trading volume of shares in both Germany and the UK, with a significantly higher impact in Germany. As such, the thesis makes an important contribution to the value-relevance literature pertaining to the impact of the recent movement to I FRSs in Europe on commonlaw/ UK and code-law/Germany environments in terms of stock performance and financial indicators. A caveat to the finding of this thesis is that the impact of the movement to IFRSs in Europe might need a longer period to be effectively evaluated and that more common-law and code-law countries must be considered to truly reflect the difference in I FRSs impact on both sets of accounting environments

Modeling Of Pollutant Transport In The Nile Delta, Egypt

Poor water quality is one of the biggest problems faced by most countries and especially by developing countries such as Egypt. The mismanagement of potable water resources constitutes one of the main reasons for the depletion of water. This research was carried out in the Nile River delta, a region in which toxic dumping and water quality degradation exist. The Nile delta receives pollution loads from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities located along its path leading to the spread of water-related diseases such as hepatitis, typhoid, cholera, and kidney failure [Safe Drinking Water Foundation, 2009]. The main objective of this research project consisted of developing a river pollutant model for use in simulating pollutant transport in the Nile River delta and in managing water quality in affected areas. This model will provide support during the process of developing restrictions to be imposed on domestic, industrial and agricultural activities in order to protect public health and prevent the spread of water-related diseases. Sample collection began in December 2012 and concluded in October 2013. Every 15 days, water samples were collected from 81 sites along the Nile delta and from point sources discharging into the Nile delta. The water sample included determination of levels of pH, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, chlorides, fecal coliform, nitrates, total phosphate, turbidity, and temperature. The Water Quality Index, calculated seasonally, showed that fecal coliform bacteria the main cause of poor water quality along the Nile River delta. Analytical procedures leading to this finding involved performing a correlation matrix to obtain the nature of correlations among the different parameters and using two-way Analysis of Variance to identify the significant sources of water pollution and to isolate the impact of each parameter on a mass loading. Results revealed significant differences among the impacts of each pollution source on the water quality. The main sources of pollution were studied to determine the most appropriate ways of reducing pollution and improving water quality in the Nile delta. New technologies were also identified for application to specific industrial sectors

Modelling and simulating the thermal interaction between the wellbore fluids and rock formation during drilling operations

In dieser Arbeit wird eine umfassende Studie über das instationäre thermische Verhalten des Bohrlochs unter verschiedenen Bohrbedingungen vorgestellt. Dazu gehören die Modellierung des Wärmeübertragung zwischen verschiedenen Teilen des Bohrlochsystems, die Untersuchung des konvektiven Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten im ringförmigen Abschnitt während der Rohrdrehung und die Entwicklung eines Computercodes, der die dynamische thermische Reaktion des Bohrlochsystems während verschiedener Bohrvorgänge simuliert. Basierend auf den grundlegenden Gesetzen der Thermodynamik und der Wärmeübertragung wird ein neuartiges numerisches Lösungs und Diskretisierungsschemata verwendet, um ein umfassendes thermisches Modell des Bohrlochs zu formulieren. Die Wärmebilanzgleichungen beschreiben die Wärmeübertragung zwischen den verschiedenen Komponenten des Bohrlochsystems, einschließlich der Bohrspülung, des Bohrgestänges, der Verrohrung, des Zements und der Gesteinsformation mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und thermischen Eigenschaften. Es werden verschiedene Modellierungsverfahren für die Bohrlochtemperatur vorgestellt. Zunächst wird eine instationäre numerische Modellierung der Bohrlochtemperatur unter Verwendung einer vorgegebenen Formation durchgeführt. Zweitens wird das thermische Verhalten des Bohrlochs modelliert, indem die Wärmeleitung in der Formation berücksichtigt wird, anstatt sie mit einer konstanten Temperatur zu betrachten. Es werden mehrere Validierungs- und Verifizierungsverfahren für die vorgestellten Modelle durchgeführt. Dazu gehören theoretische, rechnerische und experimentelle Validierung einschließlich Temperaturmessungen aus Felddaten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung in jedem der Validierungsverfahren. Außerdem zeigt das vorgestellte Modell Verbesserungen gegenüber den in der Literatur vorhandenen Modellen. Zusätzlich wurde ein Computercode entwickelt, um die dynamischen Temperaturschwankungen während des Bohrvorgangs zu simulieren. Eine Kopplung zwischen dem entwickelten Modell und einem umfassenden virtuellen Bohrsimulator DrillSIM-600 über eine Anwendungsprogrammierschnittstelle (API) wird erfolgreich durchgeführt. Dies ermöglicht die Kopplung des thermischen Modells mit anderen physikalischen Modellen, was zu realistischeren Simulationen führt. Außerdem wird eine numerische Untersuchung des konvektiven Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten (CHTC) in einem ringförmigen spalt mit einem inneren rotierenden Zylinder durchgeführt. Die Simulationsparameter sind so ausgelegt, dass sie die Spezifikation der tatsächlichen Bohrparameter erfüllen. Dazu gehören die Durchflussmenge, die Drehzahl und das Ringspaltverhältnis. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Einfluss der Rohrinnenrotation auf die CHTC oberhalb eines kritischen Wertes der Taylor-Zahl $(Ta)$. Das Modell zeigt auch eine breite Palette von Anwendungen, die über die Temperaturvorhersage beim Bohren hinausgehen. Es ist in der Lage, die Leistung eines koaxialen Erdwärmetauschers (CO-BHE) vorherzusagen. Ein direkter Vergleich zwischen den simulierten Ergebnissen und der gemessenen Temperatur des CO-BHE in Asker-Norwegen zeigte eine genaue Vorhersage der CO-BHE-Leistung. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse besteht ein gutes Potenzial für die Nutzung des vorgeschlagenen Modells für die Simulation komplexerer geothermischer Systeme mit geschlossenem Kreislauf, die weiter entwickelt werden müssen. Die Kopplung zwischen dem thermischen Bohrlochmodell und der Strömung und dem Transport im Modell der porösen Medien ermöglicht die Untersuchung weiterer geothermischer Systeme wie des konventionellen offenen Doppelbrunnensystems und des erweiterten geothermischen Systems.This work presents a comprehensive study on the transient thermal behaviour of a wellbore during different drilling conditions. This includes modelling the heat transfer between various parts in the wellbore system, investigation of the convective heat transfer coefficient in the annular section during pipe rotation, and developing a computer code that simulates the dynamic thermal response of the wellbore system during various drilling operations. Based on the basic laws of thermodynamics and heat transfer, a novel numerical solution and discretization scheme is utilized to formulate a comprehensive wellbore thermal model. The thermal balance equations describe the heat transfer between the various components of the wellbore system including the drilling fluid, drill string, casing strings, cement, and rock formation with different physical and thermal properties. Different modelling techniques of the wellbore temperature are presented. First, the transient heat transfer in the wellbore using a prescribed formation temperature is considered. Second, modelling of the thermal wellbore behaviour is performed by including the conduction in the formation instead of considering it with a constant temperature. Several validations and verification procedures for the presented models are performed. This includes theoretical, computational and experimental validation including temperature measurements from field data. The results show good agreement in each one of the validation procedures. Furthermore, the presented model shows improvement over the existing models in the literature. Additionally, a computer code is developed to simulate the dynamic temperature variations during drilling operations. A coupling between the developed model and a comprehensive virtual drilling simulator DrillSIM-600 through an application programming interface (API) is successfully performed. This allows the coupling of the thermal model with other physical models, which leads to more realistic simulations. Besides, a numerical investigation on the convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) in an annular cavity with an inner rotating cylinder are conducted. The simulation parameters are designed to meet the specification of actual drilling parameters. This included the flow rate, rpm and annular gap ratio. The results show a significant effect of the inner pipe rotation on CHTC above a critical value of Taylor Number $(Ta)$. The model also shows a wide range of applications, other than temperature prediction in the drilling operations. It is able to predict the performance of a coaxial borehole heat exchanger (CO-BHE). A direct comparison between the simulated results and the measured temperature from CO-BHE located in Asker-Norway showed an accurate prediction of the CO-BHE performance. Based on these results, there is a good potential to utilize the proposed model for the simulation of more complex closed-loop geothermal systems, which needs further development. Coupling between the borehole thermal model and flow and transport in the porous media model well allow the investigation of additional geothermal systems as the conventional double-well open system and the enhanced geothermal system

Validated HPLC Methodology for Pregabalin Quantification in Human Urine Using 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene Derivatization

Pregabalin (PGB) is a synthetic drug used for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and neuropathic pain. PGB is metabolized to N-Methyl pregabalin while the rest is excreted virtually unchanged in the urine. Numerous analytical techniques for measuring pregabalin have been documented. This study aimed to validate a simple, sensitive, and accurate method for PGB quantification in human urine using the HPLC technique with 1-Fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene used as a derivatizing agent. One hundred and twenty urine samples were analyzed by a reversed-phase (C18) column and a mixture of acetonitrile and 50 mM KH2PO4 (pH 2.5) (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase and the flow rate was 1 ml/min and the UV detector wavelength was set to 360nm. The procedure was linear within the 10-1000 μg/ml range of PGB in urine (r > 0.99). Intraday and interday RSD precision values fell between 2.8% and 5.9%. 2.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, respectively, were determined to be the method's limits of quantification and detection. The recovery (90.8%) and statistical characteristics show that the suggested method has excellent accuracy and precision. The method is accurate, precise, reproducible, and specific, and it can be applied to regular examinations of pregabalin in urine samples

Economic analysis of individual behavior and governance for stability and sustainability

高知工科大学博士（学術）thesi