nnDetection for Intracranial Aneurysms Detection and Localization

Intracranial aneurysms are a commonly occurring and life-threatening condition, affecting approximately 3.2% of the general population. Consequently, detecting these aneurysms plays a crucial role in their management. Lesion detection involves the simultaneous localization and categorization of abnormalities within medical images. In this study, we employed the nnDetection framework, a self-configuring framework specifically designed for 3D medical object detection, to detect and localize the 3D coordinates of aneurysms effectively. To capture and extract diverse features associated with aneurysms, we utilized TOF-MRA and structural MRI, both obtained from the ADAM dataset. The performance of our proposed deep learning model was assessed through the utilization of free-response receiver operative characteristics for evaluation purposes. The model's weights and 3D prediction of the bounding box of TOF-MRA are publicly available at https://github.com/orouskhani/AneurysmDetection.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

The many faces of fungal disease of the paranasal sinuses: CT and MRI findings

The prevalence of fungal rhinosinusitis has increased worldwide over the last two decades. Fungal rhinosinusitis includes a wide variety of infections, from relatively innocent to rapidly fatal processes. Fungal infection may be one of the most challenging forms of sinonasal pathology to manage, especially the invasive forms, which have high mortality rates. Therefore, it is essential to correctly diagnose and classify fungal disease of paranasal sinuses in order to accurately predict prognosis and implement effective therapy. This essay describes the different manifestations of fungal sinusitis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to optimize differentiation, and includes correlation with the pathologic classifications

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast: MR Imaging Findings With Histopathologic Correlation.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive malignancy that is commonly encountered at routine breast imaging. It may be a primary tumor or may be seen in association with other focal higher-grade tumors. Early detection is important because of the large proportion of DCIS that can progress to invasive carcinoma. The extent of DCIS involvement is frequently underestimated at mammography, which can reliably help detect only calcified DCIS; consequently, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation can alter the course of treatment. Seven biopsy-proved cases of DCIS were evaluated with T2-weighted MR imaging sequences, as well as T1-weighted sequences performed both before and after contrast material administration. The signal intensity and enhancement patterns of the tumors were analyzed, and the findings were correlated with the relevant underlying histopathologic features. Common enhancement patterns of DCIS include clumped linear-ductal enhancement, clumped focal enhancement, and masslike enhancement. The most common enhancement distribution pattern is segmental, followed by focal, diffuse, linear-ductal, and regional patterns. At T2-weighted MR imaging, DCIS is typically isointense relative to breast parenchyma; less commonly, it is hypointense or hyperintense. The use of MR imaging in the evaluation of DCIS is controversial, and many questions remain with regard to treatment and management. However, breast MR imaging can be extremely useful in the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of DCIS when used in conjunction with other imaging modalities

Carotid Artery Wall Imaging: Perspective and Guidelines from the ASNR Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology

SUMMARY: Identification of carotid artery atherosclerosis is conventionally based on measurements of luminal stenosis and surface irregularities using in vivo imaging techniques including sonography, CT and MR angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. However, histopathologic studies demonstrate considerable differences between plaques with identical degrees of stenosis and indicate that certain plaque features are associated with increased risk for ischemic events. The ability to look beyond the lumen using highly developed vessel wall imaging methods to identify plaque vulnerable to disruption has prompted an active debate as to whether a paradigm shift is needed to move away from relying on measurements of luminal stenosis for gauging the risk of ischemic injury. Further evaluation in randomized clinical trials will help to better define the exact role of plaque imaging in clinical decision-making. However, current carotid vessel wall imaging techniques can be informative. The goal of this article is to present the perspective of the ASNR Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group as it relates to the current status of arterial wall imaging in carotid artery disease

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection