A critical review on charging technologies of electric vehicles

The enormous number of automobiles across the world has caused a significant increase in emissions of greenhouse gases, which pose a grave and mounting threat to modern life by escalating global warming and polluting air quality. These adverse effects of climate change have motivated the automotive sector to reform and have pushed the drive towards the transformation to fully electric. Charging time has been identified as one of the key barriers in large-scale applications of Electric Vehicles (EVs). In addition, various challenges are associated with the formulation of a safe charging scheme, which is concerned with appropriate charging converter architecture, with the aim of ensuring a safe charging protocol within a range of 5–10 min. This paper provides a systematic review of thharging technologies and their impacts on battery systems, including charger converter design and associated limitations. Furthermore, the knowledge gap and research directions are provided with regard to the challenges associated with the charger converter architecture design at the systems level

Materials for developing future flexible electronic device

Achieving mobility, flexibility, biocompatibility, and functional security while lowering the expense and environmental effects are the main objectives for the next generation of wearable electronics. Flexible electronics (FE) is a promising concept which makes it possible to incorporate many technologies into daily life and promote the development of ground-breaking applications. For physically FE, mechanical properties like the bending radius and the overall thickness are crucial. This study's fundamental goal is to provide a thorough summary of the development, advancement, and applications of FE in diverse fields. The article begins by listing the flexible materials employed during the last few decades in a chronological order. The distinct structural design of flexural electronics is briefly introduced and the processing techniques for producing FE are taken into consideration. The recent developments in flexible electronic are then discussed in relation to the development of materials, such as inorganic and organic substances. The application of materials in the field of flexible electronic is finally discussed, along with potential challenges and future prospects

Development in materials for manufacturing electronics with 3D printing

Three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing (AM) appears to be one of the promising technologies with numerous advantages and innovative usages as it diminishes worldwide energy utilization and CO2 releases related to manufacturing processes in industries. It is a manufacturing process utilized for fabricating a 3D product by adding layers from a 3Dmodel as required. The adoption of 3D printing (3DP) techniques and technologies, particularly for printed electronics, has the potential to revolutionize flexible electronics industry, and other fields. From a fundamental standpoint, every application must take into account the materials that are available, the speed of creation, and the resolution of 3DP techniques. This chapter offers a fundamental overview of 3DP techniques as well as the applications and classifications associated with this advanced technology. The most recent advancements in unique 3DP materials for fabricating electronic products have also been presented. Most importantly, this chapter emphasizes the significant role of 3DP in current research advancements, directing readers to concentrate on the current challenges faced by this technology and afterwards outlining future research outlooks to advance 3DP technology

A critical review of the effect of light duty electric vehicle charging on the power grid

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as one of the alternative solutions for reducing carbon emissions in the road transportation sector. In the near future, more and more EVs will be integrated into the electric grid. These increasing EVs, mainly light-duty EVs, are appearing as an extensive power-consuming load within the power grid system. Unplanned introduction and abrupt adoption of charging stations can hinder the smooth operation of the power distribution system and bring serious technical challenges such as power quality, voltage fluctuations, harmonic injection, battery degradation, and grid instability. Light-duty EV integration and its effects on power grids, including grid access capabilities and power system planning, are the main focus of this review. Therefore, this paper analyzes and summarizes the potential issues and solutions in terms of power system characteristics and planning, grid economy, and environment in order to explore the impact of EV charging on the power system network. Moreover, in terms of coordination and speed, several charging schemes and infrastructure configurations for EV charging are evaluated. Various implementation strategies and concepts, such as the smart charging approach and optimal location selection, are also presented. Furthermore, this paper outlines potential directions for future research studies as well as additional suggestions for improving grid infrastructure and achieving win-win outcomes for both grid operators and customers

A critical review on contemporary power electronics interface topologies to vehicle‐to‐grid technology: Prospects, challenges, and directions

Abstract With the evolution of the smart grid concept, the production of electric vehicles (EVs) is predicted to rise because of environmental concerns, technological advancements, and improvements in EV management. Vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) is an enabling, realistic, and affordable technology to cope with a large number of EVs, increase energy sustainability, provide economical solutions, satisfy user‐side consumers, and facilitate power flow to the grid. Power electronics (PE) converters, particularly bidirectional power converters, are promising interfaces for V2G infrastructure because they determine the characteristics and functionalities of V2G. Therefore, this study provides an extensive review of the characteristics, technological aspects, and visions of V2G infrastructure. This review helps to identify the current state, most recent developments, and problems related to bidirectional interface topologies and control strategies in V2G infrastructure. It further examines the classification of chargers or dischargers based on numerous factors, including limitations and impacts. Furthermore, the benefits, challenges with possible mitigation solutions, and future outlooks in the implementation of V2G technology are discussed. This review is planned to serve as a reference for existing work in V2G frameworks, PE interfacing topologies, and control strategies, and to also facilitate a guideline for future work that can be implemented to flourish V2G technology