The Effect of Melatonin Treatment and Exposure to Continuous Darkness on the Reactivity of Smooth Muscles to Drugs in Rats

Melatonin is the major secretory product of the pineal gland, playing an integral role in numerous metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes. This study represents an attempt to understand the effect of environmental changes on the responses of a selected isolated tissue to pharmacologically active substances in certain species which may lead to important experimental and clinical implications in future. Twenty male albino wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: Group 1: Control animals, comprising 6 rats were exposed to 12:12 hour light: dark cycle for 4 weeks. Group 2: Composed of 8 rats, was kept in a dark environment for 4 weeks. Group 3: Consisted of 6 rats aged 6-7 weeks, subjected to continuous darkness for 2 weeks, at the end of the first week the rats treated daily with s.c melatonin injection at 1.00 p.m. for 7 consecutive days. The result of this study showed that the vas deferens preparation from the third group reacted with significant increase in reactivity to nor-adrenaline and 5-HT than that of control and continuous dark animals. The limitation of time and shortage of materials may be blamed for the kind and quantity of results obtained and the conclusions made. Therefore, further studies with regard to the exposure period have to be undertaken in future to extensively elaborate on this point

Mengenal Da'wah Lewat Seni Drama-Teater

59 hal.; 20 cm

Cerpen pendidikan anak blankon mbah guru bahan mendongeng bagi guru dan orangtua

111hlm.:ill.;20.3c

The Clinical spectrum of late-onset Alexander disease: a systematic literature review

Following the discovery of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mutations as the causative factor of Alexander disease (AxD), new case reports have recently increased, prompting a more detailed comprehension of the clinical features of the three disease subtypes (infantile, juvenile and adult). While the clinical pattern of the infantile form has been substantially confirmed, the lateonset subtypes (i.e., juvenile and adult), once considered rare manifestations of AxD, have displayed a wider clinical spectrum. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical phenotype of the adult and juvenile forms by reviewing the previously reported cases. Data were collected from previously published reports on 112 subjects affected by neuropathologically or genetically proven adult and juvenile Alexander disease. Although the late-onset forms of AxD show a wide clinical variability, a common pattern emerges from comparing previously reported cases, characterized by pseudobulbar signs, ataxia, and spasticity, associated with atrophy of the medulla and upper cervical cord on neuroimaging. Late-onset AxD cases can no longer be considered as rare manifestations of the disease. The clinical pattern usually reflects the topographic localization of the lesions, with adult cases displaying a predominant infratentorial localization of the lesions. Juvenile cases show clinical and radiological features which are intermediate between adult and infantile forms