3 research outputs found
Electron capture in GaAs quantum wells via electron-electron and optic phonon scattering
Electron capture times in a separate confinement quantum well (QW) structure
with finite electron density are calculated for electron-electron (e-e) and
electron-polar optic phonon (e-pop) scattering. We find that the capture time
oscillates as function of the QW width for both processes with the same period,
but with very different amplitudes. For an electron density of 10^11 cm^-2 the
e-e capture time is 10-1000 times larger than the e-pop capture time except for
QW widths near the resonance minima, where it is only 2-3 times larger. With
increasing electron density the e-e capture time decreases and near the
resonance becomes smaller than the e-pop capture time. Our e-e capture time
values are two-to-three orders of magnitude larger than previous results of
Blom et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1490 (1993)]. The role of the e-e capture in
QW lasers is therefore readdressed.Comment: 5 pages, standard LaTeX file + 5 PostScript figures (tarred,
compressed and uuencoded) or by request from [email protected],
accepted to Appl. Phys. Let
Fluidized Bed Incineration of Sewage Sludge in O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Atmospheres
Sewage
sludge incineration in a fluidized bed is considered to
be one of the most suitable ways of sewage sludge disposal. This process
reduces the volume of the waste and causes the destruction of organic
contaminants such as POPs, pharmaceuticals, and other compounds with
endocrine-disrupting potential. Oxygen-enriched air combustion and
oxy–fuel combustion can increase the combustion efficiency,
reduce the amount of flue gas, and make possible CO<sub>2</sub> capture
more effective. However, the influence of incineration medium composition
has not yet been thoroughly investigated in the case of sewage sludge
incineration. In this paper, the incineration of sewage sludge in
a bubbling fluidized bed reactor was studied at oxygen-enriched air
conditions, oxy–fuel conditions, and oxy–fuel conditions
with zero and nonzero concentrations of steam, CO, NO, N<sub>2</sub>O, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the inlet combustion medium. Consequently,
the effects of various operating parameters on pollutants formation
were comprehensively described with emphasis on aforementioned sewage
sludge incineration processes. An increase in combustion temperature
resulted in an increase in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions and in a decrease in N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.
Increase in inlet oxygen concentration led to a decrease in NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. N<sub>2</sub>O and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions were higher in CO<sub>2</sub>-rich
atmosphere (oxy–fuel combustion conditions). The presence of
water vapor in the inlet combustion medium resulted mainly in the
reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions. The presence
of CO, NO, N<sub>2</sub>O, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the dry inlet combustion
medium reduced mainly overall nitrogen-to-NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> conversion, while the effect on SO<sub>2</sub> removal efficiency
was only marginal