Assessment of dietary patterns in celiac disease patients using factor analysis method and their relationship with dietary intakes and body mass index

Abstract Background/Objectives Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. We evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and their association with dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements in Iran. Subjects/Methods This is a case-control study on 182 participants who were referred to the Khuzestan Celiac Association, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain participants’ dietary patterns. Results A significant relationship was observed between age and body mass index (BMI) across quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern score (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), indicating that as age and BMI increased, participants demonstrated greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Individuals with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern had the lowest odds ratio for celiac disease (CD) (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.84–4.55; Q3: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27–1.42; Q4: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03–0.33, P trend < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI (adjusted P trend = 0.003) and energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between the lowest odds ratio for CD and the highest adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern after adjustment for energy intake (Q1: reference; Q2: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13–1.12; Q3: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06–0.71; Q4: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02–0.29, adjusted P trend < 0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between the odds ratio for CD and the mixed dietary pattern score (Q1: reference; Q2: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.29–15.72; Q3: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93–6.55; Q4: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.84–12.66, P trend = 0.02), and this association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the present study indicate that individuals who adhere to healthy dietary patterns have a lower incidence of celiac disease

The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid intake on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) are thought to pose beneficial effects on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the net effects of CLA supplementation on various OS parameters and antioxidant enzymes. PubMed/ MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for publications on CLA supplementation effects on OS parameters up to March 2021. The data extracted from eligible studies were expressed as standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and then combined into meta-analysis using the random-effects model. Overall, 11 RCTs (enrolling 586 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analysis; however, since those trials evaluated different OS parameters, meta-analysis was carried out considering different sets for each parameter separately. According to our results, CLA supplementation significantly increases 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha )urinary concentration (SMD: 2; 95% CI: 0.74, 3.27; I-2 = 87.7%). On contrary, the intervention does not seem to change 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2 alpha )urinary concentration, nor the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA. Taken all together, CLA supplementation does not appear to have substantial effects on OS markers in general; albeit due to relatively small sample size and high level of heterogeneity between studies, the obtained findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large well-designed RCTs, investigating the impact of CLA and including various groups of patients, are still needed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Additional file 1 of Assessment of dietary patterns in celiac disease patients using factor analysis method and their relationship with dietary intakes and body mass index

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