The Sex Trade: Language Ideology Behind "Sex Work" and "Sex Trafficking"

Honors (Bachelor's)LinguisticsUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98943/1/fjmorton.pd

Controlled drug delivery by means of drug :i onic polysaccharide interactions

The aim of the project was to investigate the potential of ionic polysaccharide/drug complexes as controlled release drug delivery systems. Two highly purified alginates from Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum were characterised in terms of molecular weight, polydispersity and M:G ratio using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), low-speed sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge and GPC combined with multi-angle laser light-scattering. Viscometric and nephelometric studies provided evidence that, above certain concentrations of propranolol, there was an interaction between propranolol and alginate in deionised water resulting in the formation of an insoluble complex, which dissociated in the presence of counter-ions, for example, sodium chloride. Binding studies were undertaken using equilibrium dialysis in order to quantify this interaction in the presence and absence of sodium chloride. These indicated that there was a one-to-one stoichiometric relationship between propranolol and the carboxyl group on each uronic acid reSidue of the alginate and that negative co-operativity was occurring, such that the binding of one propranolol molecule to the alginate made it more difficult for subsequent propranolol molecules to bind. The possible in-vacuo three-dimensional structure of the molecular complex was modelled using computational molecular modelling techniques. A freeze-dried complex of propranolol and alginate was prepared and characterised. In vitro investigations indicated that drug release from the complex (formulated as a suspension in deionised water or in isotonic glycerol solution) was delayed compared with release from a propranolol solution. The release of propranolol from the propranolol/ alginate complex was assessed in vivo using the anaesthetised rat as an animal model for nasal delivery. It was found that the rate of absorption of propranolol from the complex was much slower and was sustained over a greater period of time, compared with absorption from a propranolol solution. In addition, the bioavailability of the drug from the complex was comparable to that of the solution and to that of an intravenous dose carried out in rats by other workers (Hussain et al 1980b)

Investigating musical performance: Commonality and diversity amongst classical and non-classical musicians

The research project 'Investigating Musical Performance: Comparative Studies in Advanced Musical Learning' was devised to investigate how classical, popular, jazz and Scottish traditional musicians deepen and develop their learning about performance in undergraduate, postgraduate and wider music community contexts. The aim of this paper is to explore the findings relating to attitudes towards the importance of musical skills, the relevance of musical activities and the nature of musical expertise. Questionnaire data obtained from the first phase of data collection (n = 244) produced evidence of differences and similarities between classical and non-classical musicians. While classical musicians emphasised the drive to excel musically and technically and prioritised notation-based skills and analytical skills, non-classical musicians attached greater importance to memorising and improvising. Regardless of genre, the musicians all considered practical activities such as practising, rehearsing, taking lessons and giving performances to be relevant. However, while classical musicians attached greater relevance to giving lessons and solo performances, their non-classical colleagues considered making music for fun and listening to music within their own genre to be more relevant. Some underlying processes that may have accounted for the differences in attitudes are explored, including musical influences, age of initial engagement with music and educational background. Points of similarity and differences are discussed, and possibilities for the two musical trajectories to inform and learn from each other are highlighted

From music student to professional: the process of transition

This article addresses the question of whether higher education music courses adequately prepare young musicians for the critical transition from music undergraduate to professional. Thematic analyses of interviews with 27 undergraduate and portfolio career musicians representing four musical genres were compared. The evidence suggests that the process of transition into professional life for musicians across the four focus genres may be facilitated when higher education experiences include mentoring that continues after graduation, the development of strong multi-genre peer networks, the provision of many and varied performance opportunities and support for developing self-discipline and autonomy in relation to the acquisition of musical expertise. Implications for higher education curricula are discussed. © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Controlled drug delivery by means of drug :i onic polysaccharide interactions

The aim of the project was to investigate the potential of ionic polysaccharide/drug complexes as controlled release drug delivery systems. Two highly purified alginates from Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum were characterised in terms of molecular weight, polydispersity and M:G ratio using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), low-speed sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge and GPC combined with multi-angle laser light-scattering. Viscometric and nephelometric studies provided evidence that, above certain concentrations of propranolol, there was an interaction between propranolol and alginate in deionised water resulting in the formation of an insoluble complex, which dissociated in the presence of counter-ions, for example, sodium chloride. Binding studies were undertaken using equilibrium dialysis in order to quantify this interaction in the presence and absence of sodium chloride. These indicated that there was a one-to-one stoichiometric relationship between propranolol and the carboxyl group on each uronic acid reSidue of the alginate and that negative co-operativity was occurring, such that the binding of one propranolol molecule to the alginate made it more difficult for subsequent propranolol molecules to bind. The possible in-vacuo three-dimensional structure of the molecular complex was modelled using computational molecular modelling techniques. A freeze-dried complex of propranolol and alginate was prepared and characterised. In vitro investigations indicated that drug release from the complex (formulated as a suspension in deionised water or in isotonic glycerol solution) was delayed compared with release from a propranolol solution. The release of propranolol from the propranolol/ alginate complex was assessed in vivo using the anaesthetised rat as an animal model for nasal delivery. It was found that the rate of absorption of propranolol from the complex was much slower and was sustained over a greater period of time, compared with absorption from a propranolol solution. In addition, the bioavailability of the drug from the complex was comparable to that of the solution and to that of an intravenous dose carried out in rats by other workers (Hussain et al 1980b)

Perceptions and predictions of expertise in advanced musical learners

The aim of this article was to compare musicians' views on (a) the importance of musical skills and (b) the nature of expertise. Data were obtained from a specially devised web-based questionnaire completed by advanced musicians representing four musical genres (classical, popular, jazz, Scottish traditional) and varying degrees of professional musical experience (tertiary education music students, portfolio career musicians). Comparisons were made across musical genres (classical vs. other-than-classical), gender, age and professional status (student musicians vs. portfolio career musicians). Musicians' 'ideal' versus 'perceived' levels of musical skills and expertise were also compared and factors predicting musicians' self-reported level of skills and expertise were investigated. Findings suggest that the perception of expertise in advanced musical learners is a complex phenomenon that relates to each of four key variables (gender, age, musical genre and professional experience). The study also shows that discrepancies between advanced musicians' ideal and self-assessed levels of musical skills and expertise are closely related to gender and professional experience. Finally, characteristics that predict and account for variability in musicians' views and attitudes regarding musical expertise and self-assessments of personal expertise levels are highlighted. Results are viewed in the context of music learning and implications for music education are discussed

The Butterflies of Montana with Keys for Determination of Species, 1906

Academic journal published by the University of Montana Biological Station at Flathead Lake.https://scholarworks.umt.edu/umbiologicalseries/1009/thumbnail.jp

Long term care and the coronavirus pandemic: a new role for environmental design in a changing context

First paragraph: It took more than three decades of championing the principles of environmental design for dementia and developing the research evidence base on how the physical environment can support the independence and wellbeing of people with dementia to reach a point where cognitively supportive design should be the default requirement for new and existing long term residential care facilities. It has taken a fraction of that time for an emerging coronavirus to displace concern with residents’ lived experience in favour of strict transmission and infection control measures, forcing a return to more institutionalised and medicalised environments and care practices

Frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of observational studies

Background: Frailty, an age-related decline in physiological reserve, is an increasingly important concept in the management of chronic diseases. The implications of frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis are not well understood. We undertook a systematic review to assess the prevalence of frailty in people with rheumatoid arthritis, and the relationship between frailty and clinical outcomes. Methods: We searched three electronic databases (January 2001 to April 2021) for observational studies assessing the prevalence of frailty in adults (≥18 years) with rheumatoid arthritis, or analysing the relationship between frailty and clinical outcomes in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. Titles, abstracts and full texts were assessed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: We identified 17 analyses, from 14 different sample populations. 15/17 were cross-sectional. These studies used 11 different measures of frailty. Frailty prevalence ranged from 10% (frailty phenotype) to 36% (comprehensive rheumatologic assessment of frailty) in general adult populations with rheumatoid arthritis. In younger populations (<60 or <65 years) prevalence ranged from 2.4% (frailty phenotype) to 19.9% (Kihon checklist) while in older populations (>60 or >65) prevalence ranged from 31.2% (Kihon checklist) to 55% (Geriatric 8 tool). Frailty was associated with higher disease activity (10/10 studies), lower physical function (7/7 studies), longer disease duration (2/5 studies), hospitalization (1/1 study) and osteoporotic fractures (1/1 study). Conclusion: Our review found that frailty is common in adults with rheumatoid arthritis, including those aged <65 years, and is associated with a range of adverse features. However, these is substantial heterogeneity in how frailty is measured in rheumatoid arthritis. We found a lack of longitudinal studies making the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes over time and the extent to which frailty is caused by rheumatoid arthritis unclear

Classification of long-term condition patterns in rheumatoid arthritis and associations with adverse health events: a UK Biobank cohort study

Purpose: We aimed to classify individuals with RA and ≥2 additional long-term conditions (LTCs) and describe the association between different LTC classes, number of LTCs and adverse health outcomes. Methods: We used UK Biobank participants who reported RA (n=5,625) and employed latent class analysis (LCA) to create classes of LTC combinations for those with ≥2 additional LTCs. Cox-proportional hazard and negative binomial regression were used to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and number of emergency hospitalisations over an 11-year follow-up across the different LTC classes and in those with RA plus one additional LTC. Persons with RA without LTCs were the reference group. Analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, smoking, BMI, alcohol consumption and physical activity. Results: A total of 2,566 (46%) participants reported ≥2 LTCs in addition to RA. This involved 1,138 distinct LTC combinations of which 86% were reported by ≤2 individuals. LCA identified 5 morbidity-classes. The distinctive condition in the class with the highest mortality was cancer (class 5; HR 2.66 95%CI (1.91-3.70)). The highest MACE (HR 2.95 95%CI (2.11-4.14)) and emergency hospitalisations (rate ratio 3.01 (2.56-3.54)) were observed in class 3 which comprised asthma, COPD & CHD. There was an increase in mortality, MACE and emergency hospital admissions within each class as the number of LTCs increased. Conclusions: The risk of adverse health outcomes in RA varied with different patterns of multimorbidity. The pattern of multimorbidity should be considered in risk assessment and formulating management plans in patients with RA