740 research outputs found
Critical care provision after colorectal cancer surgery
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2nd largest cause of cancer related mortality in the UK with 40 000
new patients being diagnosed each year. Complications of CRC surgery can occur in the perioperative period that
leads to the requirement of organ support. The aim of this study was to identify pre-operative risk factors that
increased the likelihood of this occurring.
Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of all 6441 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery
within the West of Scotland Region between 2005 and 2011. Logistic regression was employed to determine
factors associated with receiving postoperative organ support.
Results: A total of 610 (9 %) patients received organ support. Multivariate analysis identified age ≥65, male gender,
emergency surgery, social deprivation, heart failure and type II diabetes as being independently associated with
organ support postoperatively. After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, patients with metastatic disease
appeared less likely to receive organ support (p = 0.012).
Conclusions: Nearly one in ten patients undergoing CRC surgery receive organ support in the post operative
period. We identified several risk factors which increase the likelihood of receiving organ support post operatively.
This is relevant when consenting patients about the risks of CRC surgery
Effects Of Gender Presence In Senior Leadership Positions Upon Perspectives For Enhancing Workforce Diversity
The evidence gathered through this research supports the conclusion that the perceptions of leaders regarding who is more effective in addressing workforce diversity issues are more likely to be significantly different depending on the degree of presence of females’ leaders in senior management. In this regard, the presence of female’s leaders in senior management appears to be a significant factor in how males and females are perceived as to whom best allocates current operational resources when addressing workforce diversity issue
Online Search Strategies Of Educational Administrators For Determining The Credibility Of Information Gleaned From A Website
Based on a survey of 158 educational leaders situated in public schools, the level of educational leadership, whether a school superintendent or a principal in a secondary, middle-school, or elementary school, was not a significant factor in operational online strategies utilized or benchmarks relied upon for determining the credibility of information obtained from a website
Quantification of postprandial glucose flux following endurance exercise training and overfeeding by the triple tracer technique
Blood glucose responses following a meal are governed by complex regulatory systems. However, past studies investigating diet, exercise and glucose metabolism commonly utilize non-physiological experimental conditions. Using physiologically-representative measurement techniques, this research demonstrates that changes to glucose metabolism in response to diet and exercise are more subtle than commonly thought
Acute exercise and high-glucose ingestion elicit dynamic and individualized responses in systemic markers of redox homeostasis
BackgroundBiomarkers of oxidation-reduction (redox) homeostasis are commonly measured in human blood to assess whether certain stimuli (e.g., high-glucose ingestion or acute exercise) lead to a state of oxidative distress (detrimental to health) or oxidative eustress (beneficial to health). Emerging research indicates that redox responses are likely to be highly individualized, yet few studies report individual responses. Furthermore, the effects of complex redox stimuli (e.g., high-glucose-ingestion after exercise) on redox homeostasis remains unclear. We investigated the effect of acute exercise (oxidative eustress), high-glucose ingestion (oxidative distress), and high-glucose ingestion after exercise (both oxidative eu/distress), on commonly measured redox biomarkers in serum/plasma.MethodsIn a randomized crossover fashion, eight healthy men (age: 28 ± 4 years; BMI: 24.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2 [mean ± SD]) completed two separate testing conditions; 1) consumption of a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal (45% carbohydrate [1.1 g glucose.kg-1], 20% protein, and 35% fat) at rest (control trial), and 2) consumption of the same meal 3 h and 24 h after 1 h of moderate-intensity cycling exercise (exercise trial). Plasma and serum were analyzed for an array of commonly studied redox biomarkers.ResultsOxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and nitrate levels) increased immediately after exercise (p < 0.05), whereas nitric oxide activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) remained similar to baseline (p > 0.118). Nitric oxide activity and nitrate levels decreased at 3 h post-exercise compared to pre-exercise baseline levels. Depending on when the high-glucose mixed nutrient meal was ingested and the postprandial timepoint investigated, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense biomarkers either increased (hydrogen peroxide, TBARS, and superoxide dismutase), decreased (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide activity, nitrate, and nitrite), or remained similar to pre-meal baseline levels (hydrogen peroxide, 8-isoprostanes, TBARS, catalase, superoxide dismutase and nitrite). Redox responses exhibited large inter-individual variability in the magnitude and/or direction of responses.ConclusionFindings highlight the necessity to interpret redox biomarkers in the context of the individual, biomarker measured, and stimuli observed. Individual redox responsiveness may be of physiological relevance and should be explored as a potential means to inform personalized redox intervention
Planetary astronomy
The authors profile the field of astronomy, identify some of the key scientific questions that can be addressed during the decade of the 1990's, and recommend several facilities that are critically important for answering these questions. Scientific opportunities for the 1990' are discussed. Areas discussed include protoplanetary disks, an inventory of the solar system, primitive material in the solar system, the dynamics of planetary atmospheres, planetary rings and ring dynamics, the composition and structure of the atmospheres of giant planets, the volcanoes of IO, and the mineralogy of the Martian surface. Critical technology developments, proposed projects and facilities, and recommendations for research and facilities are discussed
An Accounting of the Dust-Obscured Star Formation and Accretion Histories Over the Last ~11~Billion Years
(Abridged) We report on an accounting of the star formation and accretion
driven energetics of 24um detected sources in GOODS North. For sources having
infrared (IR; 8-1000um) luminosities >3x10^12 L_sun when derived by fitting
local SEDs to 24um photometry alone, we find these IR luminosity estimates to
be a factor of ~4 times larger than those estimated when the SED fitting
includes additional 16 and 70um data (and in some cases mid-infrared
spectroscopy and 850um data). This discrepancy arises from the fact that high
luminosity sources at z>>0 appear to have far- to mid-infrared ratios, as well
as aromatic feature equivalent widths, typical of lower luminosity galaxies in
the local Universe. Using our improved estimates for IR luminosity and AGN
contributions, we investigate the evolution of the IR luminosity density versus
redshift arising from star formation and AGN processes alone. We find that,
within the uncertainties, the total star formation driven IR luminosity density
is constant between 1.15 < z < 2.35, although our results suggest a slightly
larger value at z>2. AGN appear to account for <18% of the total IR luminosity
density integrated between 0< z < 2.35, contributing <25% at each epoch. LIRG
appear to dominate the star formation rate (SFR) density along with normal
star-forming galaxies (L_IR < 10^11 L_sun) between 0.6 < z < 1.15. Once beyond
z >2, the contribution from ultraluminous infrared galaxies ULIRGs becomes
comparable with that of LIRGs. Using our improved IR luminosity estimates, we
find existing calibrations for UV extinction corrections based on measurements
of the UV spectral slope typically overcorrect UV luminosities by a factor of
~2, on average, for our sample of 24um-selected sources; accordingly we have
derived a new UV extinction correction more appropriate for our sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 46, No. 03
Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1137/thumbnail.jp
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