678 research outputs found
Logical Majorana fermions for fault-tolerant quantum simulation
We show how to absorb fermionic quantum simulation's expensive
fermion-to-qubit mapping overhead into the overhead already incurred by
surface-code-based fault-tolerant quantum computing. The key idea is to process
information in surface-code twist defects, which behave like logical Majorana
fermions. Our approach implements a universal set of fault-tolerant gates on
these logical Majorana fermions by effecting encoded measurement-based
topological quantum computing with them. A critical feature of our approach is
the use of code deformations between logical tetron and logical hexon
surface-code-patch encodings, which enables one to move beyond the limitations
of a wholly square-patch tetronic surface-code approach. To motivate near-term
implementations, we also show how one could realize each of a universal set of
logical Majorana gates on a small-scale testbed using noisy intermediate scale
quantum (NISQ) technology on as few as 13 qubits.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figure
Continuous glucose monitoring reduces pubertal hyperglycemia of type 1 diabetes
Background:
Physiologic hyperglycemia of puberty is a major contributor to poor glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study\u27s aim was to determine the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to improve glycemic control in pubertal youth with T1D compared to a non-CGM cohort after controlling for age, sex, BMI, duration, and insulin delivery methodology. The hypothesis is that consistent CGM use in puberty improves compliance with diabetes management, leading to increased percentage (%) time in range (TIR70-180 mg/dL) of glycemia, and lowering of HbA1c.
Methods
A longitudinal, retrospective, case-controlled study of 105 subjects consisting of 51 T1D controls (60.8% male) age 11.5 +/- 3.8 y; and 54 T1D subjects (48.1% male) age 11.1 +/- 5.0 y with confirmed CGM use for 12 months. Pubertal status was determined by Tanner staging. Results were adjusted for baseline HbA1c and diabetes duration.
Results
HbA1c was similar between the controls and the CGM group at baseline: 8.2 +/- 1.1% vs 8.3 +/- 1.2%, p=0.48 respectively; but was significantly lower in the CGM group 12 months later, 8.2 +/- 1.1% vs. 8.7 +/- 1.4%, p=0.035. Longitudinal change in HbA1c was similar in the prepubertal cohort between the control- and CGM groups: -0.17 +/- 0.98% vs. 0.38 +/- 1.5%, p=0.17. In contrast, HbA1c increased with advancing age and pubertal status in the pubertal controls but not in the pubertal CGM group: 0.55 +/- 1.4 vs -0.22 +/- 1.1%, p=0.020. Percent TIR was inversely related to HbA1c in the CGM group, r=-0.6, p=0.0004, for both prepubertal and pubertal subjects.
Conclusions
CGM use significantly improved glycemic control in pubertal youth with T1D compared to non-CGM users
SEGUE-2 Limits on Metal-Rich Old-Population Hypervelocity Stars In the Galactic Halo
We present new limits on the ejection of metal-rich old-population
hypervelocity stars from the Galactic center (GC) as probed by the SEGUE-2
survey. Our limits are a factor of 3-10 more stringent than previously
reported, depending on stellar type. Compared to the known population of B-star
ejectees, there can be no more than 30 times more metal-rich old-population F/G
stars ejected from the GC. Because B stars comprise a tiny fraction of a normal
stellar population, this places significant limits on a combination of the GC
mass function and the ejection mechanism for hypervelocity stars. In the
presence of a normal GC mass function, our results require an ejection
mechanism that is about 5.5 times more efficient at ejecting B-stars compared
to low-mass F/G stars.Comment: 18 pages including 5 figures; Submitted to Ap
Regional identity of human neural stem cells determines oncogenic responses to histone H3.3 mutants
Quantifying Kinematic Substructure in the Milky Way's Stellar Halo
We present and analyze the positions, distances, and radial velocities for
over 4000 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars in the Milky Way's halo, drawn
from SDSS DR8. We search for position-velocity substructure in these data, a
signature of the hierarchical assembly of the stellar halo. Using a cumulative
"close pair distribution" (CPD) as a statistic in the 4-dimensional space of
sky position, distance, and velocity, we quantify the presence of
position-velocity substructure at high statistical significance among the BHB
stars: pairs of BHB stars that are close in position on the sky tend to have
more similar distances and radial velocities compared to a random sampling of
these overall distributions. We make analogous mock-observations of 11
numerical halo formation simulations, in which the stellar halo is entirely
composed of disrupted satellite debris, and find a level of substructure
comparable to that seen in the actually observed BHB star sample. This result
quantitatively confirms the hierarchical build-up of the stellar halo through a
signature in phase (position-velocity) space. In detail, the structure present
in the BHB stars is somewhat less prominent than that seen in most simulated
halos, quite possibly because BHB stars represent an older sub-population. BHB
stars located beyond 20 kpc from the Galactic center exhibit stronger
substructure than at kpc.Comment: 29 page, 10 figures, 1 table; accepted by APJ; for related article by
another group see arXiv:1011.192
Topology by Design in Magnetic nano-Materials: Artificial Spin Ice
Artificial Spin Ices are two dimensional arrays of magnetic, interacting
nano-structures whose geometry can be chosen at will, and whose elementary
degrees of freedom can be characterized directly. They were introduced at first
to study frustration in a controllable setting, to mimic the behavior of spin
ice rare earth pyrochlores, but at more useful temperature and field ranges and
with direct characterization, and to provide practical implementation to
celebrated, exactly solvable models of statistical mechanics previously devised
to gain an understanding of degenerate ensembles with residual entropy. With
the evolution of nano--fabrication and of experimental protocols it is now
possible to characterize the material in real-time, real-space, and to realize
virtually any geometry, for direct control over the collective dynamics. This
has recently opened a path toward the deliberate design of novel, exotic
states, not found in natural materials, and often characterized by topological
properties. Without any pretense of exhaustiveness, we will provide an
introduction to the material, the early works, and then, by reporting on more
recent results, we will proceed to describe the new direction, which includes
the design of desired topological states and their implications to kinetics.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, 116 references, Book Chapte
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