The influence of convective current generator on the global current

The mathematical generalization of classical model of the global circuit with taking into account the convective current generator, working in the planetary boundary layer was considered. Convective current generator may be interpreted as generator, in which the electromotive force is generated by processes, of the turbulent transport of electrical charge. It is shown that the average potential of ionosphere is defined not only by the thunderstorm current generators, working at the present moment, but by the convective current generator also. The influence of the convective processes in the boundary layer on the electrical parameters of the atmosphere is not only local, but has global character as well. The numerical estimations, made for the case of the convective-unstable boundary layer demonstrate that the increase of the average potential of ionosphere may be of the order of 10% to 40%

The relationship between parameters of the peyer's patches of the small intestine in intact rats

This paper deals with the study of the relationship between parameters of the Peyer’s patches of the small intestine in intact rats of different age groups. The correlation analysis revealed the direct relationship between the parameter

Biotechnical systems and technology for hydrocarbon-containing waste water purifying in a controlled manner

Biotechnical systems and technologies are aimed at deep cleaning and purification of oil-contaminated natural and waste waters to comply with regulations for water recycling. The solution to this problem is possible using selected carbohydrate-containing microorganisms (SCM) with a wide range of various fractions of oil oxidation and oil products in a specially designed jet settling device (JSD) and constructed on the biotechnological scheme basis for oily waste water purification. Intensification of hydrocarbons oxidation by microorganisms in the adopted purification scheme is carried out by creating optimal conditions for SCM of the following variations: temperature 15-280C, pH 5-9, calculated amounts of nutrients (nitrogen of 2.5-20 mg/dm3 and phosphorus of 0.1-0.5 mg/dm3) and composite compounds (alanine, valine, glutamic and succinic acids, glucose, maltose 15.10-6 -35.10-6 M. Also found that in the process of oil biological destruction and oil products in sewage a significant role plays the ratio of strains in the consortium which corresponds to the following amount (%): Alcaligenes -14, Microccocus - 6, Brevibacterium - 6, Pseudomonas - 25, Bacillius - 6, Flavobacterium - 6, Clostridium - 6, which comprises the titer of viable cells 5.1010-7. 1010 cells/dm3 in the drain. Managed bioremediation of oil-contaminated wastewater, adopted by the technological purifying system, also is provided by selected technical parameters and modes of neutralisation for each individual production

Determining the required capacity of turn-storage lanes at urban controlled intersections

Currently, in the course of measures to organize traffic in cities, the method of canalization of left- and right-turn traffic flows is widely used. This method consists in the construction of additional left- and right-turn storage lanes on the road network, especially at regulated intersections. However, in modern domestic and foreign scientific and regulatory literature, there are no clear scientifically based recommendations on the use of the method of canalization of traffic flows. The purpose of this work is to improve the efficiency of traffic management by channeling traffic flows in turning directions at urban regulated intersections. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of theoretical provisions on the formation of traffic queues that determine the capacity of transition-accumulation lanes used at urban regulated intersections for canalization of left-turn traffic flows. The authors also proposed a simulation mathematical model that displays the combined effect of the work of the controlled intersection and the load factor in the considered direction of movement. To obtain the initial load factor data, the Box-Muller transformation modeling method was used, as a result of which the required range of load factor values was obtained for different standard deviations. The result of processing the experimental data showed that the process of changing the length of the turning lanes under the influence of traffic lights and the load factor is described by a linear model. The developed model will make it possible to adjust the duration of traffic light control depending on the capacity of the turning lanes in such a way as to ensure the presence of all vehicles that accumulate over the total duration of the traffic light cycle and are waiting for traffic, as well as to make calculations at the stage of creating traffic management projects (hereinafter referred to as RTD). The results obtained also made it possible to determine the prospects and directions for further research: 1) conducting a full-scale experiment to confirm the results of the study. Confirmation of the hypothesis about the subordination of the load factor to the normal law of the distribution of a random variable; 2) the study of other factors that affect the capacity of headlands: the intensity of the oncoming flow of vehicles, the geometric dimensions of the intersection, weather conditions, etc

Interplay between lattice, orbital, and magnetic degrees of freedom in the chain-polymer Cu(II) breathing crystals

The chain-polymer Cu(II) breathing crystals C21H19CuF12N4O6 were studied using the x-ray diffraction and ab initio band structure calculations. We show that the crystal structure modification at T=146 K, associated with the spin crossover transition, induces the changes of the orbital order in half of the Cu sites. This in turn results in the switch of the magnetic interaction sign in accordance with the Goodenough-Kanamori-Andersen theory of the coupling between the orbital and spin degrees of freedom.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Heuristic parameter-choice rules for convex variational regularization based on error estimates

In this paper, we are interested in heuristic parameter choice rules for general convex variational regularization which are based on error estimates. Two such rules are derived and generalize those from quadratic regularization, namely the Hanke-Raus rule and quasi-optimality criterion. A posteriori error estimates are shown for the Hanke-Raus rule, and convergence for both rules is also discussed. Numerical results for both rules are presented to illustrate their applicability

Effect of Anode Dielectric Coating on Hall Thruster Operation

An interesting phenomenon observed in the near-anode region of a Hall thruster is that the anode fall changes from positive to negative upon removal of the dielectric coating, which is produced on the anode surface during the normal course of Hall thruster operation. The anode fall might affect the thruster lifetime and acceleration efficiency. The effect of the anode coating on the anode fall is studied experimentally using both biased and emissive probes. Measurements of discharge current oscillations indicate that thruster operation is more stable with the coated anode