Preliminary results of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 optical investigation of aerosol in the atmosphere of Venus at 30-60 KM

Aerosol concentration profiles were measured by an aerosol spectrometer above the landing sites of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 landers. Approximately the same altitude zones were found as in previous experiments: a three-layered basic cloud cover, an intermediate zone and subcloud haze. There were significant quantitative differences in the concentrations of particles, however, and especially in the spectra of their dimensions. Nightglow was found in the troposphere of Venus at a wavelength of about 1 micron. The backscatter coefficient and the extinction coefficient change very little between 32 and 63 km. Large numbers of submicron particles apparently exist in the atmosphere above the landing sites

Transport properties for a Luttinger liquid wire with Rashba spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting

We study the transport properties for a Luttinger-liquid (LL) quantum wire in the presence of both Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and a weak external in-plane magnetic field. The bosonized Hamiltonian of the system with an externally applied longitudinal electric field is established. And then the equations of motion for the bosonic phase fields are solved in the Fourier space, with which the both charge and spin conductivities for the system are calculated analytically based on the linear response theory. Generally, the ac conductivity is an oscillation function of the strengths of electron-electron interaction, Rashba SOC and magnetic field, as well as the driving frequency and the measurement position in the wire. Through analysis with some examples it is demonstrated that the modification on the conductivity due to electron-electron interactions is more remarkable than that due to SOC, while the effects of SOC and Zeeman splitting on the conductivity are very similar. The spin-polarized conductivities for the system in the absence of Zeeman effect or SOC are also discussed, respectively. The ratio of the spin-polarized conductivities $\sigma_\uparrow/\sigma_\downarrow$ is dependent of the electron-electron interactions for the system without SOC, while it is independent of the electron-electron interactions for the system without Zeeman splitting.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

Spectrophotometric experiment on the Verera-11 and Venera-12 descent vehicles: Some results of the analysis of the spectrum of the daytime sky of Venus

The spectra of the daytime sky of Venus were recorded on the Venera-11 and Venera-12 descent vehicles at various altitudes above the planet's surface, within the interval of 4500 to 12,000 Angstroms. The angular distribution of the brightness of the scattered radiation was recorded and the ratio of water and carbon dioxide were studied, with respect to the cloud cover boundaries

Metallo-dielectric diamond and zinc-blende photonic crystals

It is shown that small inclusions of a low absorbing metal can have a dramatic effect on the photonic band structure. In the case of diamond and zinc-blende photonic crystals, several complete photonic band gaps (CPBG's) can open in the spectrum, between the 2nd-3rd, 5th-6th, and 8th-9th bands. Unlike in the purely dielectric case, in the presence of small inclusions of a low absorbing metal the largest CPBG for a moderate dielectric constant (epsilon<=10) turns out to be the 2nd-3rd CPBG. The 2nd-3rd CPBG is the most important CPBG, because it is the most stable against disorder. For a diamond and zinc-blende structure of nonoverlapping dielectric and metallo-dielectric spheres, a CPBG begins to decrease with an increasing dielectric contrast roughly at the point where another CPBG starts to open--a kind of gap competition. A CPBG can even shrink to zero when the dielectric contrast increases further. Metal inclusions have the biggest effect for the dielectric constant 2<=epsilon<=12, which is a typical dielectric constant at near infrared and in the visible for many materials, including semiconductors and polymers. It is shown that one can create a sizeable and robust 2nd-3rd CPBG at near infrared and visible wavelengths even for a photonic crystal which is composed of more than 97% low refractive index materials (n<=1.45, i.e., that of silica glass or a polymer). These findings open the door for any semiconductor and polymer material to be used as genuine building blocks for the creation of photonic crystals with a CPBG and significantly increase the possibilities for experimentalists to realize a sizeable and robust CPBG in the near infrared and in the visible. One possibility is a construction method using optical tweezers, which is analyzed here.Comment: 25 pp, 23 figs, RevTex, to appear in Phys Rev B. For more information look at http://www.amolf.nl/research/photonic_materials_theory/moroz/moroz.htm

ПРОБЛЕМИ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПАРИТЕТУ У ВИЩІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ

The article generalizes and analyzes the material on gender approach in higher medical education. Taking into account acurrent national legislation and world experience on gender parity, authors light up the realization of principles of equalitybetween the participants of educational process and outline tendencies in acquisition of professional qualification, consideringthe gender aspect.У статті узагальнено та проаналізовано матеріал з питань гендерного підходу у вищій медичній освіті. Враховуючи чинне національне законодавство та світовий досвід з питань гендерного паритету, автори висвітлюють реалізацію принципів рівності між учасниками освітнього процесу та окреслюють тенденції у набутті професійної кваліфікації з огляду на гендерний аспект

Clinical observation of surgical treatment of cavernous malformation of the dorsal pons using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring

The presented clinical observation of surgical treatment of cavernous malformation of the left dorsal part of pons using the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is of scientific and applied interest. IONM is a relatively new diagnostic and at the same time the least studied direction in the system of neurophysiological support in high-tech neurosurgical care in Ukraine. The clinical manifestations, the results of clinical and instrumental methods of examination, and the course of the operation are analyzed in detail. The ISIS IONM system (Inomed, Germany) was used for monitoring. This case demonstrates that the use of multimodal IONM allows you to identify in real time most of the structures of the central nervous system that are at risk of surgery and prevent their damage. This makes it possible to prevent the development of postoperative neurological deficits and reduce the risk of disability in patients. The factor that ensures the success of IONM is the constructive interaction of neurosurgeons, neurophysiologists, and anesthesiologist

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИХ СТАНДАРТІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ У ВІННИЦЬКОМУ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМ. М. І. ПИРОГОВА

The aim of the work – to highlight the ways of realization of the higher education quality in M. Pyrohov Vinnytsia National Medical University.The main body. Modernisation of higher education in the light of the European standards in the Vinnytsia National Medical University named after М. І. Pyrohov according to the European standards takes place at the level of educational and scientifically-research activity after an academic triad is combination of pedagogical process, clinical practic and scientific researches, where a student is in the center of that.  The European standards of providing of quality of higher education envisage introduction of the internal providing of quality of education, creation of the new programs, new technologies of studies, Medical simulation center, alternative clinical bases, Study-training center of practical preparation of doctors.Conclusion. The strategic task is to form a specialist who is professionally prepared for independent medical practice, which gives an opportunity to give each student the chance to become a competitive specialist and to have the opportunity to choose a place of work in the countries of the European space.Мета роботи – висвітлити шляхи реалізації європейських стандартів вищої освіти у Вінницькому національному медичному університеті ім. М. І. Пирогова.Основна частина. Модернізація вищої освіти у світлі європейських стандартів відбувається на рівні освітньої та науково-дослідницької діяльності за академічною тріадою (поєднання педагогічного процесу, клінічної практики та наукових досліджень), у центрі якої є  студент. Європейські стандарти забезпечення якості вищої освіти передбачають впровадження внутрішнього забезпечення якості освіти, створення нових програм, новітніх технологій навчання. У ВНМУ ім. М. І. Пирогова створено Медичний симуляційний центр, як альтернативу клінічним базам, Навчально-тренінговий центр практичної підготовки лікарів.Висновок. Стратегічне завдання полягає у формуванні професійно готового до самостійної лікарської практики фахівця, що дає можливість надати кожному студенту шанс стати конкурентоспроможним фахівцем та мати можливість вибору місця праці у країнах Європейського простору