Relationships between Locus of Control and Adherence to Diabetes Regimen

Abstract Background: Adequate self-care in diabetes causes quality of life promotion and decreases the number of inpatient cases. The health locus of control theory is used to assess adherence to diabetes regimen in some studies in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of diabetes locus of control in a sample of diabetic patients in Iran and investigation of it's relationship to adherence to diabetes regimen. Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out on 120 patients referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center. The Iranian versions of Diabetes Locus of Control scale and Diabetes Selfcare Activities scale were used for data collection. Results: Men were more internal locus of control and women were more chance locus of control. The attributions of external locus of control increased by age, while the internal locus of control increased by education level and chance locus of control decreased by education level. A positive association between internal locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen was found and there was a negative association between chance locus of control and adherence to diabetes regimen. Conclusion: Findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving internal locus of control may improve adherence to diabetes regimen but different diabetic patients have different attribution styles and interventional programs to enhance diabetes self-care will be more successful if patient's locus of control is addressed

Preventive Behavior of Recurrent Kidney Stones and Its Relationship with its Knowledge and Receiving it

Introducatn: Kidney stone is the most common chronic kidney condition after hypertension. kidney stone recurrence is common worldwide and it is estimated that almost 50% of stone formers will have a recurrence within 10 years. Patients' knowledge on kidney stones and its recurrence prevention is an important factor in preventive behaviors of kidney stone recurrence. This study aimed to determinine the preventive behaviors of kidney stone recurrence on it and its relation to knowledge on it and also knowledge on it receiving resources. Methods: This descriptive- analytical study was performed as cross-sectional. The sample size consisted of 210 persons who had referred to 3 care centers in Yazd. Data Collection instrument was a questionnaire that had two parts: the first part was demographic information and the second part was scales for preventive behavior of kidney stones recurrence, knowledge aassessment and cues to action which were completed with interview. Data were analyzed with T-test, ANOVA, χ2 and correlation coefficient test thnough spss 16. Results: Mean score of recurrence preventive behaviors was 38.75 ± 7.85 from 70 the Mean score on knowledge was 9.49±7.85 from 25 and Mean score of cues to action was 2.67±1.78 from 8. The lowest reported recurrence preventive behavior was consulting with a registered dietitian or specialist about consumption of fruits and vegetables. The lowest reported knowledge was about dairy consumption in individuals with a history of kidney stone (21.4%), and the highest reported cues to action was other kidney stone patients (54.3%). Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between preventive behaviors, knowledge and cues to action (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the low rate of knowledge and performance of the subjects as well as the high age of patients suffering from kidney stones and lack of enough education in this group, health staff can be the most important source of knowledge for these people about preventive behaviors of kidney stones recurrence

Efficacy of Anger Management Training on increasing Mental Health of Disabled Children Mothers

Introduction: The child's birth is apleasure for parents, although this process is associated with a lot of hardship. Hope for child health develops a sense of confidence in parents and they heartily accept their child but as soon as they become aware of their child's disability, all hope turns to despair and hence trouble starts. Stress, depression and anger are common emotions that parents then experience. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anger management training on the mental health of mothers of the disabled children in the city of Yazd. Methods: This is anexperimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The population of this study included all the mothers of the disabled children being covered in Yazd city from 2011 to 2012. Sample of this study consisted of 35 mothers randomlyassigned into two groups(18 to experimental and 17 to control group). Mental health questionnaire was used to collect data.The anger management training program based on cognitive-behavioral approach was implemented for the experimental group in seven sessions, 2 hours each. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical parameters (mean and SD) and independent t-test on the difference between the scores of pre-test - post-test. Results: Results showed that Anger management training with a statistically significant difference between pre-and post-test scores leads to mental health and subscale physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, as well as depression (with the exception of societal dysfunction). Also, anger management training reduced the physical symptoms and depression in young mothers compared to the aged. Conclusion: With regard to the effective use of anger management training program to increase mental health, thetrainingprogramshouldbe directedtoward reducingstress

Study of Pediculus capitis prevalence in primary school children and its preventive behaviors determinants based on Health Belief Model in Their Mothers in Hashtgerd, 2012

Introduction: Head lice infection is a global health problem with a long history that led to physical, psychological and social complications which is most common between the ages of 6-11years. Regarding lack of studies in the area this study was performed to determine the prevalence of Pediculus capitis in primary school children and its preventive behaviors determinants based on Health Belief Model in Their Mothers in Hashtgerd, 2012. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study carried out on 372 primary school students and their mothers in Hashtgerd. Data was collected by examining the student's heads and a questionnaire which was completed by their mothers and was analyzed by SPSS-18, using Indices of central tendency and dispersion, independent t-test, Pearson correlation ratio, linear regression, and ANOVA. Results: The prevalence of Pediculus capitis was 6.4 percent. Prevalence of head lice was significantly higher in girl students (8.6%) versus boys (0.5%) (P<0.001). There was a positive significant correlation between preventive behaviors and perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy (P<0.05). Among preventive behaviors, cooperation of mothers with health care providers to prevent lice had the lowest frequency. Based on regression analysis, HBM constructs predicted 10.7% of variance&nbsp; in preventive behaviors and self-efficacy was the only statistically significant predictor of behavior (&beta;=0.048).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Conclusion: Regarding meaningful prevalence of Pediculus capitis &nbsp;especially among female students, HBM-based educational programs is recommended&nbsp; to enhance preventive behaviors of head lice in students, parents, and school staff with an emphasize on mothers self- efficacy and also necessity of mothers cooperation with health care providers to prevent lice

Experiences of stress appraisal in hemodialysis patients: A theory-guided qualitative content analysis

Chronic renal failure and prolonged hospitalization for the treatment of renal disease incur immense stress and anxiety in patients. Considering the increased prevalence of renal failure, the present study aimed to explain the experiences of stress assessment in hemodialysis (HD) patients based on the transactional model of Lazarus and Folkman. The data collection method was semi-structured interview with 22 patients from dialysis centers in Tehran. Sampling was purposive and continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed using the directed content analysis method. Data analyzed to the extraction of 80 codes that were classified into two predetermined categories of appraisal structures in the transactional stress model, including primary and secondary appraisal, and also seven subcategories (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, motivational relevance, casual focus, perceived control over outcoms, perceived control over emotions, and self-efficacy). During this study, 15 sub-subcategories were obtained for the stress appraisal in HD patients. The results showed that the subcategories of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and casual focus were the most effective factors in the stress appraisal in HD patients. According to the results, an arrangement should be made so that HD patients can evaluate the stressful conditions properly. patients need help to improve their evaluation in subcategories of motivational relevance, perceived control over outcomes, perceived control over emotion, and self-efficacy. In this regard, one of the best models that can be used to identify the appraisals in HD patients and design appropriate interventions for them is the transactional model. © 2020 Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation.All rights reserved

Design and evaluation of a theory-based intervention of knowledge and perceptions to improve self-care amongst relatives of esophageal cancer patients: A randomised controlled trial study protocol

Background: Esophageal cancer, as one of the most unknown cancers, is largely preventable through lifestyle modifications. In this study, a theory-based intervention will be designed and evaluated on the knowledge and perceptions of relatives of patients with cancer to improve their self-care. Methods: This research will be carried out in two phases in Golestan province, located in north of Iran. A researcher-made questionnaire will be designed based on the extended parallel process model using a detailed literature review and the panel of experts' opinions. This questionnaire will aim to investigate the levels of knowledge, perception, and practice of respondents regarding esophageal cancer. Later, a comprehensive program will be designed over esophageal cancer self-care based on the information collected from the questionnaire, the information obtained from detailed literature review, and the experts' opinions. The second phase of the study will include implementation of an educational intervention with pretest�posttest design using the intervention and control groups to measure the effectiveness of this educational program on the knowledge, perception, and practice of the patients' relatives. Discussion: The findings will provide valuable evidences regarding the efficacy of the educational intervention and will help the participants to improve their self-care behaviours. Consequently, policy-makers and planners can use the results to set appropriate policies. © 2020 The Author

Determinants of effective nurse-patient communication based on the health action process approach in Yazd hospitals

Nurse-patient communication is one of the most important care relationships that affects the treatment process. The health action process approach (HAPA) has been used to explain a number of behaviors. However, this approach has not been used to explain nurse-patient communication. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate effective nurse-patient communication using this approach. In this cross-sectional study, 300 nurses from public hospitals in the center of Iran were enrolled in the study. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used to measure the HAPA constructs. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance with least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests in SPSS as well as structural equation modeling using AMOUS software. In the motivation phase, risk perception, outcome expectancies and task self-efficacy predicted 19% of variance in intention to communicate effectively. In the volitional phase, planning and action self-efficacy predicted 22% of variance in effective communication. The scores of HAPA constructs were different depending on the levels of effective communication. The model can serve as a reference framework to promote effective nurse-patient communication

Study of knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Oral Health Status among High School Students in Yazd

Introduction: Oral health is one of the most important issues affecting public health. Regarding the high prevalence of dental decay and the high cost of treatment and the direct role of students in preventing dental decay, it is necessary for the students to acquire suitable knowledge, attitude and practice about oral health. Regarding lack of studies in this area, the study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude, practice and oral health status of high school students in Yazd. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 male high school students in Yazd city who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tool included two questionnaires; the first was a valid and reliable researcher designed questionnaire which had four part of demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice and the second one was self reported oral health questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 21 and via description and analytical tests of T-test, ANOVA and correlation coefficient. Results: Mean score of student's knowledge about oral health was 6.38&plusmn; 2.07 out of 19, and their mean score of attitude was 40.03&plusmn; 5.35 in range of 10-50 and mean score of practice was 13.28&plusmn; 4/09 out of 28. The most reported practice was using toothpaste in brushing and the lowest reported behavior was using antibacterial mouth wash. Mean score of self-reported oral health was 43.05&plusmn; 5.19 out of 57. There was a significantly positive correlation between knowledge, attitude, practice and self-reported oral health. Conclusion: Due to insufficient awareness of school children about their oral health as well as lower performance levels , especially in cases such as the use of antibacterial mouthwash and fluoride-containing , brushing after each meal and&nbsp; sweets, providing educational programs in order to increase students knowledge and function about oral health, particularly in the areas above seem to be necessary

Antiretroviral therapy adherence and its determinant factors among people living with HIV/AIDS: A case study in Iran

Abstract Objectives This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 122 Iranian people living with HIV (PWHIV), who referred to a behavioral diseases counseling center in 2018. The AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The study aimed to determine the level of medication adherence and its determinants in PWHIV. Results About 75.4% (confidence interval 67.2%–82.8%) of the samples had a good combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) adherence and 74.6% (n = 91) of them were sure about the positive effects of medications on their health. Patients reported that most important reasons for medication non-adherence included forgetfulness, high drug dosage, lack of knowledge about ART value, and transportation problems