Insights on a methanation catalyst aging process: Aging characterization and kinetic study

Power to gas systems is one of the most interesting long-term energy storage solutions. As a result of the high exothermicity of the CO2 methanation reaction, the catalyst in the methanation subsystem is subjected to thermal stress. Therefore, the performance of a commercial Ni/Al2O3 catalyst was investigated over a series of 100 hour-long tests and in-process relevant conditions, i.e. 5 bar from 270 to 500 °C. Different characterization techniques were employed to determine the mechanism of the observed performance loss (N2 physisorption, XRD, TPO). The TPO analysis excluded carbon deposition as a possible cause of catalyst aging. The BET analysis evidenced a severe reduction in the total surface area for the catalyst samples tested at higher temperatures. Furthermore, a direct correlation was found between the catalyst activity decline and the drop of the catalyst specific surface. In order to correctly design a reliable methanation reactor, it is essential to have a kinetic model that includes also the aging kinetics. For this purpose, the second set of experiments was carried out, in order to determine the intrinsic kinetics of the catalyst. The kinetic parameters were identified by using nonlinear regression analysis. Finally, a power-law aging model was proposed to consider the performance loss in time

Energy in the home: Everyday life and the effect on time of use

The application of building simulation and modelling is becoming more widespread, particularly in the analysis of residential buildings. The energy consumption and control of systems in residential buildings are tightly linked to the behaviour of people, arguably more so than in commercial buildings which have traditionally been the preserve of building simulation analysis. The input profiles used in simulation pay little attention to the link between numerical characterisations of observed ‘behaviour’ and the way people actually live in the home. Understanding this is important if we are to improve the modelling of buildings, gain greater insight into energy consumption and make better decisions about future energy production and generation. This paper explores this link by combining conventional numerical analysis of appliance data with insights from the ethnographic study of families in 20 UK homes. Ethnographic insights provide a context to the analysis and understanding of monitoring data that would not otherwise be possible. Importantly, this paper highlights the need to rethink previously static notions of simulation input, such as occupancy and individual appliance use

Tackling transition:the value of peer mentoring

This paper is aimed at those interested in the promotion of student retention in higher education; particularly those with an interest in peer mentoring as a means of student support. It critically discusses the results of an exploratory study analysing the perceptions of peer mentors and mentees within five universities in the United Kingdom. The aim of the study was to analyse how student peer mentoring can aid transition into university by focusing specifically on how senior students can support their junior counterparts in their first year at university. The paper discusses the results of a survey which was completed by 329 student peer mentors and mentees. Focusing on the benefits and outcomes of participation in Mentoring Programmes, the survey was distinctive in that it asked mentors and mentees similar questions. From a theoretical perspective, the paper contributes to debates about peer support in higher education showing that participation in such programmes can have positive outcomes from both social and pedagogic perspectives. Practically speaking, the results have important implications for Higher Education Institutions as the research highlights the importance of putting into place formally structured Peer Mentoring Programmes which facilitate student support at a time when new students are most at risk of ‘dropping out’

Hanging out at home: Laundry as a thread and texture of everyday life

Laundry, one of the most mundane but most fundamental everyday life activities, has received little attention in cultural studies of everyday life. In contrast it has attracted the analytical attention of sociologists of everyday practices and social relations, and energy and health researchers. Here we suggest that an approach which attends to theoretical turns towards phenomenology, spatiality and materiality can offer a new interpretation of the significance and implications of laundry in everyday life. Drawing on research in 20 UK households, we focus on the example of indoor laundry drying to interpret laundry through a theory of place and materiality. We suggest that such an approach offers new understandings of how home is made and has implications for how cultural studies research into everyday life might be engaged in applied research relating to climate change and the environment

Researching in atmospheres: Video and the 'feel' of the mundane

In this article, the authors advance recent discussions of atmospheres by developing an approach that builds theory in relation to methodological understandings of how and what we can we know about atmospheres. They argue that, in order to be able to understand the significance of an atmosphere empirically, a theory is needed that can account for the specificities of particular atmospheres that are generated in the context of actual research sites, the everyday contingencies in relation to which they shift and change, and the different ways in which they might be perceived. To do this, they propose that atmospheres should be understood as part of and as emerging from within environments Simultaneously, to be able to build theory thorough empirical research, an approach is needed that is capable of researching how atmospheres are made and sensed by people in mundane everyday moments, and how they are generative of sensory, affective and empathetic forms of engagement. Situating video recording, like atmospheres, as emerging from within environments, the authors show how video ethnography can enable us to build the theoretical and empirical ambitions of this field of investigation

Making Homes

Making Homes: Anthropology and Design is a strong addition to the emerging field of design anthropology. Based on the latest scholarship and practice in the social sciences as well as design, this interdisciplinary text introduces a new design ethnography which offers unique and original approaches to research and intervention in the home. Presenting a coherent theoretical and methodological framework for both ethnographers and designers, the authors examine 'hot' topics - ranging from movements and mobilities to im/material environments, to digital culture - and confront the challenges of a research and design environment which seeks to bring about the changes required for a sustainable, resilient, 'safe', and comfortable future. Written by leading experts in the field, the book draws on real-life examples from a wide range of international projects developed by the authors, other researchers, and designers. Illustrations throughout help to convey the methods and research visually. Readers will also have access to a related website which follows the authors' ongoing research and includes video and written narrative examples of ethnographic research in the home. Transforming current understandings of the home, this is an essential read for students and researchers in fields such as design, anthropology, human geography, sociology, and media and communication studies

Energy in the home: Everyday life and the effect on time of use

The application of building simulation and modelling is becoming more widespread, particularly in the analysis of residential buildings. The energy consumption and control of systems in residential buildings are tightly linked to the behaviour of people, arguably more so than in commercial buildings which have traditionally been the preserve of building simulation analysis. The input profiles used in simulation pay little attention to the link between numerical characterisations of observed 'behaviour' and the way people actually live in the home. Understanding this is important if we are to improve the modelling of buildings, gain greater insight into energy consumption and make better decisions about future energy production and generation. This paper explores this link by combining conventional numerical analysis of appliance data with insights from the ethnographic study of families in 20 UK homes. Ethnographic insights provide a context to the analysis and understanding of monitoring data that would not otherwise be possible. Importantly, this paper highlights the need to rethink previously static notions of simulation input, such as occupancy and individual appliance use. Copyright © 2011 by IPAC'11/EPS-AG

Suicide rates differences between rural and urban Georgia

Background: Suicide remains a major public health concern in the United States. Recent research reported a 35% increase in suicide rates between 2000 and 2018, with significantly higher rates in rural areas (Martínez-Alés et al., 2022). National data points to an upward trend in suicide among 15-17 years old African Americans (Sheftall et al., 2022) and 10-12 years old Hispanics (Price & Khubchandani, 2022). These trends have been attributed to structural racism, economic factors, and social isolation. Recent restrictions during the COVID pandemic have been associated with increased suicide in multiple countries. We analyzed suicide data for Georgia and compared rates across rural/urban locations, race groups, gender, and age groups between 2011 to 2021. Methods: Data were downloaded from the Online Analytical and Statistical Analysis System database of the Georgia Public Health Association and analyzed with IBM SPSS 27. Findings: Preliminary data analysis indicates that significant differences were noted between urban and rural people of 5-12, 13-19, 30-44, 45-59, and 60-74 age groups (p\u3e0.05). There were also significant sex differences in the suicide death rates in urban and rural Georgia counties (p\u3e0.05). Rural male and rural female suicide rates were higher than urban male and female rates (p\u3e0.001). Conclusion: Understanding the distribution of suicide rates is essential for designing public health programs to prevent suicide

Applying the lens of sensory ethnography to sustainable HCI

Sociological appropriations of practice theory as applied to sustainable design have successfully problematized overly simplistic and individualistic models of consumer choice and behavior change. By taking everyday practices as the principal units of analysis, they move towards acknowledging the socially and materially structured nature of human activity. However, to inform sustainable HCI we also need to understand how practices are part of wider experiential environments and flows of practical activity. In this article, we develop an approach rooted in phenomenological anthropology and sensory ethnography. This approach builds on theories of place, perception and movement and enables us to situate practices, and understand practical activity, as emplaced within complex and shifting ecologies of things. Drawing on an interdisciplinary study of domestic energy consumption and digital media use, we discuss ethnographic and design practice examples. We demonstrate how this theoretical and methodological framework can be aligned with the 3rd paradigm of HCI