DETERMINING THE ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF THE SOLVENT ABSORBENTS IN CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROCESS BY APPLYING THE NUMERICAL METHOD OF LINES

The research focused on the numerical study for the performance of Carbon dioxide capturing by Post-combustion process. The Numerical Method of Lines was applied on the developed Partial Differential Equations to reduce them to Ordinary Differential Equations. The series of equations developed were simulated on Python Computer programme. Three solvent absorbents were investigated in order to determine their absorption efficiency. This was done by calculating the ration of the concentration of Carbon dioxide absorbed to the concentration of the solvent absorbent

The application of the numeral method of lines on carbon dioxide captures process: Modelling and simulation

methods of capturing CO2, this study focused on Post-combustion process. The Mass balance equations of the flue gas was modelled as a PDE and then reduced to an ODE by the application of Numerical Method of Lines. The equation was discretized to 0.8 m. Mono-ethanolamine, Potassium Carbonate and Chilled Ammonia were studied to investigate their absorption capacity to capture CO2. Two specific mass transfer area correlations were used in order to validate the results. The results followed the same trends with minimal error of less than 21%. Discretization of 1 m was done for the absorbent which captured the highest amount of CO2 in order to further validate the results. The results corresponded well with each other. MEA has proven to be the best absorbent in capturing Carbon dioxide than the other two absorbent

Synthesis of PET-Magnesium Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposite Membranes for the Dehydration of Natural Gas

Flat thin-film magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes were synthesized with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and employed for natural gas dehydration. The water vapor permeation was most pronounced with a nanocomposite membrane doped with 0.9 g MgO nanoparticles (NP) as a result of a significant upsurge in the permeability of water vapor in the membrane (0.87). With the increase in MgO NP, large macro-voids are created, substratum pore size, and thickness together with the water vapor permeation were upsurged. The dehydration of natural gas performance of magnesium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite membranes synthesized with PET was enhanced with the increase in MgO NP embedded in the membrane. Though water vapor permeation was restricted by the polyester non-woven material used as a support for the nano composite membranes, as the three membranes did not reach the permeation coefficient of 1. However, the permeation coefficient increased with an increased MgO NP, with three mambrane samples (M1, M2 and M3) having permeation coefficient of 0.763, 0.77 and 0.87 respectively. The gas reduced with an increase MgO NP, with M1, M2 and M3 having 3.46×10−2, 3.17×10−2 and 3.88×10−3 kg/m3 respectively. From the adsorption study, the discrepancy observed between CH4 and vapor with isotherm models was ascribed to the different adsorption behavior of CH4 and vapor on the membrane-active area. The cost of making the membrane cannot be considered as a terminal criterion because most of the cost-effective option is not always the optimum one. The membranes confirmed their suitability for the dehydration of natural gas

Surface roughness of ternary blends: Polypropylene/chitosan/sisal fiber membranes

The rough morphological structure of ternary blend composite membranes was studied. The surface roughness of the composites were analysed. Recurrent topographies and the reliance of length-scale on rough surfaces were established in the analysis done by scanning probe electron microscopy. The membranes with increasing amount of sisal fibre exhibited higher roughness surface. � 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync- nd/4.0) Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference & Exposition on Mechanical, Material and Manufacturing Technolog

Chitosan biopolymer membranes produced from fishery waste for the adsorption-based removal of lead ions from aqueous systems

Using a phase inversion technique, chitosan was recovered from the exoskeleton of Cape Rock Lobsters, which are common in the area around Cape Town, South Africa. These flakes were then used to create dense polymer chitosan membranes. Chitosan membrane (CSM) and cross-linked chitosan membrane (XCSM) were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and TGA after the chitosan membrane was cross-linked with 2.0% glutaraldehyde. The maximum binding capacity for the developed adsorbent (XCSM) was found to be 2.98 mmol.g-1 at temperature of 313 K. Equilibrium tests showed that the Langmuir equilibrium model could be utilized to successfully characterize lead binding onto XCSM. The adsorption process was discovered to be endothermic, with an adsorption enthalpy of 52 kJ/mol. As the flux through XCSM increases, the degree of adsorption decreases (1.96-1.36 mmol/g) due to a kinetic process. Co-ions were also found to have an impact on the adsorption of metal ions by XCSM, with the presence of nitrates being found to limit the adsorption and sulphates being found to enhance the adsorption. Using sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions as eluants, the adsorbed lead ions were recovered. It was discovered that the first was a more efficient eluent. Consequently, a sulphuric acid solution with a pH of 3 might be used to recover up to 95% of the adsorbed lead. But after regeneration, it was discovered that the adsorption capacity had been diminished. This decrease in adsorption capability may be attributed to the membrane losing up to 26% of its bulk during regeneration. After two regeneration cycles, the membrane's structural integrity had been compromised, rendering it useless

STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF PORE RADII ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PETNANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES IN THE REMOVAL OF IRON AND ANIONS FROM IBESHE RIVER

Ibese watershed has been experiencing lower water quality due to industrialization. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite membranes (M1, M2 and M3) synthesized by non-solvent-induced phase separation on polyester nonwoven support using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as additive was reported. The membranes (M1, M2 and M3) were respectively synthesized with 1wt%, 2wt% and 3wt% GO. The morphology of the membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ImageJ software was used to study the pore size distribution of the membranes. Python was use for the statistical study using the uniform distribution curve and mean and the results show that the radius data distribution is tightly clustered around the mean. The adsorption performance of composite membranes was examined for the removal of ions from the river water. The membranes were assessed through flux, adsorption capacity and the rejection of iron and anions found in Ibese river water. M3 membrane gave higher rejection rate for the three anions and iron. The % rejection of nitrate ion with M3 membrane is 96%, 85%%, 72% and 60% respectively for NO3- , Cl- , HCO3- and Fe. Increase in the quantity of GO increased water flux and the maximum water flux was attained with 3wt% GO

A Review on Polymer Nanocomposites and Their Effective Applications in Membranes and Adsorbents for Water Treatment and Gas Separation

Globally, environmental challenges have been recognised as a matter of concern. Among these challenges are the reduced availability and quality of drinking water, and greenhouse gases that give rise to change in climate by entrapping heat, which result in respirational illness from smog and air pollution. Globally, the rate of demand for the use of freshwater has outgrown the rate of population increase; as the rapid growth in town and cities place a huge pressure on neighbouring water resources. Besides, the rapid growth in anthropogenic activities, such as the generation of energy and its conveyance, release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, warming the planet. Polymer nanocomposite has played a significant role in finding solutions to current environmental problems. It has found interest due to its high potential for the reduction of gas emission, and elimination of pollutants, heavy metals, dyes, and oil in wastewater. The revolution of integrating developed novel nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and activated carbon, in polymers, have instigated revitalizing and favourable inventive nanotechnologies for the treatment of wastewater and gas separation. This review discusses the effective employment of polymer nanocomposites for environmental utilizations. Polymer nanocomposite membranes for wastewater treatment and gas separation were reviewed together with their mechanisms. The use of polymer nanocomposites as an adsorbent for toxic metals ions removal and an adsorbent for dye removal were also discussed, together with the mechanism of the adsorption process. Patents in the utilization of innovative polymeric nanocomposite membranes for environmental utilizations were discussed