Operability and Results of Retro and On-Going Commission Tools Applied to an Existing Building

Several tools in the scope of Annex 40 (PECI Model Commissioning Plan and Guide specification, Emma-CTA, IPMVP) have been used to realise the retro and the on-going commissioning of an existing building. The aim of the work was to evaluate operability, consumed time, results of these tools used by HVAC operation technicians. Analysis of making use of the different tools in a common framework is proposed, giving feedback information to creative authors

Evaluation of faults impacts on energy consumption and indoor air quality on an air handling unit

International audienceThe effects of faults on an air handling unit (AHU) are often poorly evaluated (assuming indoor air quality (IAQ) problems), and under-estimated in consumption balances. Based on an experimental site, this paper presents a quantitative study of some different faults that can appear on AHUs.Through a systemic analysis and a suitable modelling, the effects of several faults are simulated, using graphical software. Three families of faults are studied: control of a three-way valve, mixing box dampers (flow problems), and sensor inversion. Most of them find expression in an increase of the system consumption. The IAQ, seen here as the CO2 rate, is studied thanks to the developed piece of software; the IAQ impact of faults is not accessible without such tool.The software is then applied to a combination of several faults, in order to bring out major tendencies

Evaluation of faults impacts on energy consumption and indoor air quality on an air handling unit

International audienceThe effects of faults on an air handling unit (AHU) are often poorly evaluated (assuming indoor air quality (IAQ) problems), and under-estimated in consumption balances. Based on an experimental site, this paper presents a quantitative study of some different faults that can appear on AHUs.Through a systemic analysis and a suitable modelling, the effects of several faults are simulated, using graphical software. Three families of faults are studied: control of a three-way valve, mixing box dampers (flow problems), and sensor inversion. Most of them find expression in an increase of the system consumption. The IAQ, seen here as the CO2 rate, is studied thanks to the developed piece of software; the IAQ impact of faults is not accessible without such tool.The software is then applied to a combination of several faults, in order to bring out major tendencies

Randomly oriented monocrystalline ZnO nanowire networks for acetone electrical detection

International audienc

High frequencies of leukemia stem cells in poor-outcome childhood precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemias.

In order to develop a xenograft model to determine the efficacy of new therapies against primary human precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) stem cells (LSCs), we used the highly immunodeficient non-obese diabetic (NOD).Cg-Prkdc(scid)IL2rg(tmlWjl)/SzJ (NOD-severe combined immune deficient (scid) IL2rg(-/-)) mouse strain. Intravenous transplantation of 2 of 2 ALL cell lines and 9 of 14 primary ALL cases generated leukemia-like proliferations in recipient mice by 1-7 months after transplant. Leukemias were retransplantable, and the immunophenotypes, gene rearrangements and expression profiles were identical or similar to those of the original primary samples. NOD-scid mice transplanted with the same primary samples developed similar leukemias with only a slightly longer latency than did NOD-scid-IL2Rg(-/-) mice. In this highly sensitive NOD-scid-IL2Rg(-/-)-based assay, 1-100 unsorted primary human ALL cells from five of five tested patients, four of whom eventually experienced leukemia relapse, generated leukemias in recipient mice. This very high frequency of LSCs suggests that a hierarchical LSC model is not valuable for poor-outcome ALL

Simulation of a building and its HVAC system with an equation solver: Application to audit

A series of building energy simulation tools are being developed to help the building energy auditor in establishing his diagnosis (including benchmarking and detailed analysis of actual energy consumption) and in evaluating the selected Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs). A first simulation tool, dedicated to benchmarking, has been presented in a previous paper. The present paper focuses on the second simulation tool, dedicated to inspection and evaluation of ECMs. This Building-HVAC System global model includes simplified models of building zones and of HVAC equipment. Only a limited number of easily identifiable parameters are required. The simplicity of the models and the use of an equation solver to run the simulation ensure good robustness and full transparency. The development, the implementation and the application of these models are discussed. Focus is also given to the calibration of the tools to monthly utility bills