Le jugement scolaire de l'enseignant en lecture au primaire : analyse de cinq variables

La présente étude concerne le jugement que l'enseignant porte sur la compétence à lire de ses élèves. Elle a été réalisée auprès de 1242 élèves de la maternelle à la 3e année. Les 62 enseignants de l' étude ont coté la compétence à lire de leurs élèves sur une échelle de 1 à 5. Les élèves ont été évalués par des épreuves de lecture informatisées et par des épreuves collectives. Les résultats de l'étude montrent que le jugement de l'enseignant prédit jusqu'à 24 % du rendement en lecture des élèves. Par ailleurs, le jugement de l' enseignant est plus précis en 3e qu'en 1 re année et plus précis à la fin qu'au début de l'année. Les élèves faibles sont davantage surévalués que les élèves forts ne sont sous-évalués. Le sexe de l'élève n' influence pas le jugement de l' enseignant. Enfin, plus la classe est forte, plus le jugement de l'enseignant est "sévère"

Étude pharmacocinétique/pharmacodynamique de l'ocytocine chez le rat anesthésié

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

La Légion étrangère, une particularité française

“Qui sait si l’inconnu qui dort sous l’arche immense, Mêlant sa gloire épique aux orgueils du passéN’est pas cet étranger devenu fils de FranceNon par le sang reçu mais par le sang versé ?”Pascal Bonetti, 1920. “Étrangère ! non pas ! ô France, depuis quandLe baptême du sang n’est-il plus un baptême ?Qui donc vous renierait Français sans un blasphème,Martyrs de Camaron, héros de Tuyen-Quan ?”Henri Richardot (Dachères), 1912. Drôle de troupe ces légionnaires, héritage des bataillons étrangers l..

La Légion étrangère, une particularité française

“Qui sait si l’inconnu qui dort sous l’arche immense, Mêlant sa gloire épique aux orgueils du passéN’est pas cet étranger devenu fils de FranceNon par le sang reçu mais par le sang versé ?”Pascal Bonetti, 1920. “Étrangère ! non pas ! ô France, depuis quandLe baptême du sang n’est-il plus un baptême ?Qui donc vous renierait Français sans un blasphème,Martyrs de Camaron, héros de Tuyen-Quan ?”Henri Richardot (Dachères), 1912. Drôle de troupe ces légionnaires, héritage des bataillons étrangers l..

New testosterone derivatives as semi-synthetic anticancer agents against prostate cancer : synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation

Prostate cancer (PC) is a major health issue in the world. Treatments of localized PC are quite efficient and usually involve surgery, radiotherapy and/or hormonal therapy. Metastatic PC is however rarely curable to this day. Treatments of metastatic PC involve radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hormonal treatment such as orchiectomy, antiandrogens and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists. The suppression of tumor growth by hormonal treatment is efficient but overtime resistance still occurs and the disease progresses. Thus, more urgently than ever there is a need for discovery of new treatment options for castration-resistant PC (CRPC). Hence, we designed and tested a series of amide derivatives located at position 7α of testosterone as prospective “natural” or “semisynthetic” anticancer agents against CRPC with the goal of discovering therapeutic alternatives for the disease. This manuscript describes an efficient path towards the target molecules that are made in only 6 or 7 chemical steps from testosterone in good overall yields. This strategy can be used to make several compounds of interest that present higher biological activity than the classic antiandrogen; cyproterone acetate (3). The best testosterone-7α-amide was the N-2-pyridylethylamide (25) which was as active as the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (3) on androgen-dependent LNCaP cells and 2.7 times more active on androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells. The results obtained show the synthetic feasibility and the potential for future development of this unique class of semi-synthetic anticancer agents that offer the premise of new treatment modalities for patients afflicted with CRPC

Randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy for postpartum stress incontinence : 7-year follow-up

Objective To estimate the long-term effect of intensive, 6-week physiotherapy programs, with and without deep abdominal muscle (TrA) training, on persistent postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods The study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty-seven postnatal women with clinically demonstrated persistent SUI 3 months after delivery participated in 8 weeks of either pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (28) or PFMT with deep abdominal muscle training (PFMT + TrA) (29). Seven years post-treatment, 35 (61.4%) participants agreed to the follow-up; they were asked to complete a 20-min pad test and three incontinence-specific questionnaires with an assessor blinded to each participant's group assignment. Results: Of the 35 (61.4%) who agreed to the follow-up: 26 (45.6%) took the 20-min pad test (12 PFMT and 14 PFMT + TrA) and 35 (61.4%) completed the questionnaires (18 PFMT and 17 PFMT + TrA). The baseline clinical characteristics of the follow-up and non-follow-up participants were not significantly different; nor did they differ between PFMT and PFMT + TrA participants enrolled in the follow-up study. At 7 years, the pad test scores for the PFMT group did not differ statistically from those of the PFMT + TrA group. When combining both treatment groups, a total of 14/26 (53%) follow-up participants were still continent according to the pad test. Conclusion The addition of deep abdominal training does not appear to further improve the outcome of PFM training in the long term. However, benefits of physiotherapy for postpartum SUI, although not as pronounced as immediately after the initial intervention, is still present 7 years post-treatment

Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on circulating cytokine levels in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment : a pilot study

Peripheral inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dysregulations in circulating levels of different inflammatory mediators are detectable as early as the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage towards AD. Depressive symptoms, another risk factor of AD, are often found in individuals with MCI and associated with heightened levels of peripheral inflammatory mediators. Diminution in depressive symptoms and alterations of peripheral inflammation profiles have been observed following Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). In this pilot randomized-control trial, the impact of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) was compared to that of a psychoeducation-based intervention (PBI) on the peripheral inflammation profile and depressive symptomatology of participants with MCI. Plasma samples and scores on the Geriatric Depression scale (GDS) were obtained from 12 participants per group before and after the 8-week interventions. Flow cytometry allowed for inter-group comparisons of the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α levels. Post-MBI, two tendencies stand out regarding inflammation profiles: 1) a decrease of TNF-α for participants having higher initial levels of this cytokine, and 2) an increase of IL-6 levels for all participants. In the PBI group, the cytokine levels remained unchanged post-intervention. Regarding depressive symptomatology, no significant variations were noted for both groups. Moreover, variations on depressive symptoms and peripheral levels of cytokines were not correlated. MBI could exert a physiological effect on an important feature of AD, namely inflammation. Furthermore, action mechanisms behind physiological and psychological effects of MBIs could stem from independent sources. This remains to be demonstrated with more robust data

L’entrée à l'université et ses difficultés : regards croisés à partir d’un dispositif du Plan Réussite Licence

Cette recherche repose sur l’analyse des notes et comptes-rendus établis à l’occasion de la mise en place d’un dispositif répondant aux objectifs du Plan Réussite Licence de lutte contre l’échec en première année d’université. Durant le premier semestre, des étudiants de première année étaient interrogés par des enseignants sur leurs attentes et vécus des premiers mois à l’université et étaient invités à aborder leurs éventuelles difficultés. Les résultats font apparaître d’une part l’enjeu que représente l’acclimatation au monde universitaire et, d’autre part, les logiques qui président à l’évaluation des difficultés des étudiants par leurs enseignants.This study was based on the analysis of 277 semi-directive interviews of first year undergraduate students in psychology, collected in the context of a French national initiative for academic achievement. During the fall semester, teaching staff interviewed first-year students concerning their experiences of their first months at university, their expectations of their university experience, and the challenges they potentially faced. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the notes and summaries from these interviews revealed both the stakes of academic integration, and the rationales that lead teachers to consider some of the students as failing academically. Despite being atypical, data from this pedagogical experiment show how interactions and social representations have an impact on this kind of initiative. Results also questioned the concepts of academic success and failure in the context of recent reforms