金属材料の高温における強化に関する研究 : 積層強化と固溶強化

1 序論 2 人工積層複合材料の熱疲労 3 人工積層複合材の高温変形 4 固溶硬化合金の高温変形機構の判別 5 固溶硬化合金の高温変形挙動の予測 6 総括Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-04T00:27:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 morikawa.pdf: 10990885 bytes, checksum: 97260881f2922be6c3b3a89adcdcae30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-03-2

イガク キョウイク ニオケル e-Learning ノ カツヨウ : マルチメディア キョウザイ ノ ブンセキ

Recently, the e-Learning system is being used by the enterprise and the university. Some e-Learning systems have some functions of an online class. With online teaching, the teaching material is chiefly composed of Images made with presentation tools, text, moving video pictures, and audio. As online teaching is a combination of these, In e-Learning, It is important to develop the multimedia teaching material to make the learner interested. On the teacher side, The following two problems are in the using of multimedia teaching material. First, It is difficult to make the teaching material. Because expertise in handling the authoring tools is necessary. Secondly, it is difficult to follow the learning progress of the student. In a lot of multimedia teaching materials, the learner’s log data of attended classes can be taken. But, the log data within each class item can not be taken. For the teacher, It is important to know what the learner has done. We developed an online class system. It have functions for the teacher the authoring tools for the multimedia teaching material that can be easily made. Also, both a Learner’s log data of attended classes can be taken, and , in addition, the log data of each class item can be taken. Finally, we combine results from evaluating e-Leraning teaching materials of the system that develops by this research

イガク キョウイク ニオケル e-Learning ノ カツヨウ : マルチメディア キョウザイ ノ ブンセキ

Recently, the e-Learning system is being used by the enterprise and the university. Some e-Learning systems have some functions of an online class. With online teaching, the teaching material is chiefly composed of Images made with presentation tools, text, moving video pictures, and audio. As online teaching is a combination of these, In e-Learning, It is important to develop the multimedia teaching material to make the learner interested. On the teacher side, The following two problems are in the using of multimedia teaching material. First, It is difficult to make the teaching material. Because expertise in handling the authoring tools is necessary. Secondly, it is difficult to follow the learning progress of the student. In a lot of multimedia teaching materials, the learner’s log data of attended classes can be taken. But, the log data within each class item can not be taken. For the teacher, It is important to know what the learner has done. We developed an online class system. It have functions for the teacher the authoring tools for the multimedia teaching material that can be easily made. Also, both a Learner’s log data of attended classes can be taken, and , in addition, the log data of each class item can be taken. Finally, we combine results from evaluating e-Leraning teaching materials of the system that develops by this research

Protection by Exogenously Added Coenzyme Q9 against Free Radical-Induced Injuries in Human Liver Cells

Reduced coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10H2) is known as a potent antioxidant in biological systems. However, it is not yet known whether CoQ9H2 could act as an antioxidant in human cells. The aim of this study is to assess whether exogenously added CoQ9 can protect human liver cells against injuries induced by a water-soluble radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and a lipid-soluble radical initiator, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN). CoQ9-enriched cells were obtained by treatment of HepG2 cells with 10 µM CoQ9 liposomes for 24 h. CoQ9-enriched cells were exposed to 10 mM AAPH and 500 µM AMVN over 4 h and 24 h, respectively. The loss of viability after treatment with AAPH or AMVN was much less in CoQ9-enriched cells than in naive HepG2 cells. The decrease in glutathione and the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance after treatment with AAPH or AMVN were also suppressed in CoQ9-enriched cells. The incubation of CoQ9-enriched cells with AAPH or AMVN led to a decrease in cellular CoQ9H2 and reciprocal increase in cellular CoQ9 resulting from its antioxidant function. Taken together, it was demonstrated for the first time that exogenously added CoQ9 could prevent oxidative stress-mediated damage to human cells by virtue of its antioxidant activity

Expansion of CpG Methylation in the SFRP2 Promoter Region during Colorectal Tumorigenesis

Secreted frizzled-related protein 2, (SFRP2) is a Wnt inhibitor whose promoter CpGs were recently found to be methylated at high frequency in colorectal cancers (CRCs). We hypothesized that the pattern of SFRP2 methylation may differ throughout the promoter during progressive tumorigenesis. Using combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), two methylation-sensitive regions (Regions A and B) of the SFRP2 promoter were investigated in 569 specimens of colorectal tissue:222 CRCs, 103 adenomatous polyps (APs), 208 normal colonic mucosa from CRC patients (N-Cs), and 36 normal colonic mucosa from subjects with no evidence of colorectal neoplasia at colonoscopy (N-Ns). Extensive (including both Regions A and B) and partial (either Region A or B) SFRP2 methylation levels were found in 61.7% and 24.8% of CRCs, 8.7% and 37.9% of APs, 3.9% and 39.9% of N-Cs, and 0% and 30.6% of N-Ns, respectively. Extensive methylation of the SFRP2 promoter was present primarily in CRCs, while partial methylation was common in APs. Whereas APs with the KRAS mutant showed no correlation to any pattern of SFRP2 methylation, extensive methylation of the SFRP2 promoter was significantly associated with KRAS mutant CRCs (p＜.0001), suggesting that genetic alteration in the RAS-RAF pathway might precede the spread of CpG methylation through the SFRP2 promoter, which is observed in over 60% of advanced colorectal tumors

A successful rechallenge with cetuximab for a case with metastatic rectal cancer

　A 55-year-old man who had been diagnosed with rectal cancer with multiple liver metastases and lymph node metastases on colonoscopy and computed tomography (CT) was referred to Okayama University Hospital for treatment. Based on the diagnosis of non-curative rectal cancer, we planned to perform systematic chemotherapy after surgical resection. We performed a low anterior resection of a 36×35 mm upper rectal moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with wil-type KRAS. After the resection, a FOLFIRI regimen with cetuximab was given as the first-line chemotherapy. Although metastatic lesions in the liver showed shrinkage, we decided to switch regimens because of intolerable adverse events. A modified FOLFOX6 regimen with bevacizumab was administered as the second-line treatment. There were no signs of disease progression until eight months later, when positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans revealed that the new metastatic lesions appeared. As the third-line treatment, an irinotecan with cetuximab regimen was administered, leading to a good response for over 12 months. 　We experienced a successful rechallenge with cetuximab for a case with metastatic rectal cancer. For patients with wild-type KRAS colorectal cancer, rechallenge with cetuximab-based chemotherapy can be an effective therapeutic option

A case of metastatic cecal cancer with mutation in the BRAF oncogene and poor survival

　A 79-year-old woman visited a previous hospital with a complaint of general fatigue. The patient was diagnosed with cecal cancer with multiple liver metastases and lymph node metastases on colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan, and was referred to our division for treatment. Based on the diagnosis of non-curative colonic cancer, we planned to perform systematic chemotherapy after local surgical treatment. We performed an ileocecal resection, and the specimen showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with mutation in the BRAF oncogene. After the surgical treatment, the tumor grew rapidly and the patient died from cancer on the 19th postoperative day without having the opportunity to undergo chemotherapy. 　Multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in the process of colorectal carcinogenesis. Some of the alterations have been identified as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. A mutation in the BRAF oncogene was reported to be associated with a very unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancers. Some of the cases with rapid progression are suggested to have the BRAF oncogene mutation. According to our experience, chemotherapy before surgical treatment might improve the prognosis of cases with the BRAF mutation

Adenomyomatosis Concomitant with Primary Gallbladder Carcinoma

Some clinicians have proposed a relationship between gallbladder (GB) cancer and adenomyomatosis (ADM) of the gallbladder, although the latter condition is not considered to have malignant potential. We retrospectively reviewed the surgical pathology database of patients who underwent resection for ADM of the gallbladder at our institution from March 2005 to May 2015. In total, 624 patients underwent surgical resection of the gallbladder with Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Of these cases, 93 were pathologically diagnosed with ADM of the gallbladder, with 44 (47.3%) classified macroscopically as fundal-type ADM, 26 (28.0%) as segmental type, and 23 (24.7%) as diffuse-type ADM. In 3 of the 93 (3.2%) resected specimens, early-stage GB carcinoma was detected, although preoperative imaging did not suggest a malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder in any of these patients. GB cancer subsequently developed in the mucosa of the fundal compartment distal to the annular stricture of the segmental-type ADM in 2 of these patients and against the background of the fundal-type ADM in 1 patient. This study revealed the difficulty of early diagnosis of primary GB cancer in the setting of concurrent ADM, and clinicians should be aware of this frequent coexistence